Public health aspects

Because many heavy metals are toxic to man, animals and plants, it is necessary to monitor continually potable water, river water and trade and sewage effluents to check that the metal levels are below the predefined safe limits. In this way, water quality is preserved and the health of the population is safeguarded. It is because of the public health aspects that toxic limits for metals in surface waters have been introduced and those set by the European Economic Community are displayed in Table 1. It can be seen that all limits are at the trace level and in order to comply with these directives there will be a need for the regular analysis of raw and potable waters for these metals. This is the function of quality-control water laboratories. 

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ABRAMS—PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ... 

This first number is a perfect illustration of the desirability of establishing a special medium for the publication of certain symposia presented at American Chemical Society meetings. Only a relatively small percentage of the papers can be said to be strictly chemical in nature. Many deal with such subjects as the toxicological effects of economic poisons, public health aspects, etc. Only through the establishment of the Advances in Chemistry Series was it possible to present the symposia in their entirety. 

Myttenaere, C., Bordeau, P. and Bittel, R. (1969a). Relative importance of water and soil in the indirect radiocaesium and radiocobalt contamination of irrigated rice fields, page 175 in Agricultural end Public Health Aspects of Environmental Contamination by Radioactive Materials, IAEA Publication No. STI/PUB/226 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna). 

Antifungals applied topically are used to treat dermatophytic infections caused by Trichophyton and Microsporum species. Ringworm is the most common and widely known of such fungal skin diseases of animals and birds. In recent years, a number of reports have appeared drawing attention to the high incidence of human ringworm caused by fungi from animals. The public health aspects of the disease is of considerable importance, whereas the economic impact to the farmer is yet not clearly defined. 

Analysis and Public Health Aspects of Environmental Tritium... 

It should be emphasized that there are a number of factors in the public health aspects of tritium which are not well established and whose discussion is beyond the scope of this paper. Studies should continue to develop more sensitive techniques for tritium measurement and to increase present knowledge in this field of radiological health. 

Russell, J. L. Hahn, P. B. "Public Health Aspects of Iodine-129 from the Nuclear Power Industry." Radiol. Health Data Rep. 12 189, 1971. 

Public health aspects. A limited number and a relatively small quantity of medical antibiotics have been introduced in agricultural use as shown in Table I. Most agricultural antibiotics have been used only for plant protection purposes and not used in medical treatment. Therefore, the public s concern for the environmental problem of antibiotics must be different in the two areas where antibiotics are used. Agricultural antibiotics do not involve primarily the health of the individual, but their use has macroenvironmental consequences. Most human infectious diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses, while plant pathogens... 

Fig. 16.5 Relationship of DMFT and index of fluorosis to water fluoride content. The left y-axis indicates the number of decayed missing and filled teeth from caries (DMFT) and the right y-axis indicates the index of fluorosis, a measure of the deleterious effect of fluoride on the enamel surface (see text). The x-axis indicates the ppm fluoride found naturally in the drinking water supply. Triangles indicate DMFT and circles indicate the fluorosis index in the same populations. The curves showing the decrease in caries and decrease in fluorosis intersect at 1 ppm fluoride in the water supply on the x-axis (Copy of Fig. 3 from Hodge HC, Smith FA. (1954). Some public health aspects of water fluoridation. American Association of the Advancement of Science Publication No 19 Washington DC 1954 AAAS 1954, pp. 79-109)...

Present evaluation of the public health aspects of air pollution should give consideration to a change in the attitude of the public in this regard. The repercussions of the Gauley Tunnel episode on silicosis probably will be dwarfed by the effects of Donora on air pollution. 

Upton AC, Kneip T, Toniolo P Public health aspects of toxic chemical disposal sites. Annu Rev Public Health 10 1-25,1989... 

Anon The Public Health Aspects of the Use of Antibiotics in Food and Feedstuffs. Technical Report Series 260, WHO Geneva 1963. 

In addition, chlorides are essential for biological systems. In relation to plant and animal production, as well as public health aspects, the most important products and groups of products include ... 

For our purposes, there is no need to discuss the detailed medical and public health aspects of the toxic substances present in batteries. It is sufficient to recognize that their effects are many and varied, and that they may range from short term to long term effects, as well as long term delayed effects due to the cumulative retention of the toxic substances or their derivatives in the body. Information on the effects of many battery materials on human health is available in the comprehensive listing prepared by Sax and Lewis (3) and the references cited by them. 

During the training of medical doctors and health staff the emphasis is usually on a clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment of thyroid abnormalities. Their training rarely covers the public health aspects of iodine deficiency and its disorders, such as brain damage and a loss of intelligence quotient (IQ) in children, neither does it cover the prevention and control of IDD programs on a population... 

George H. Stevenson, Presidential address The psychiatric public health aspects of war, Amer. J. Psychiat., 98 1-8 (July), 1941, pp. 3. 8. 

PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS OF POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH) IN BELGIUM AND REFLECTIONS ON THE PROBLEM RELATED TO THE PAH IN EXHAUST GASES... 

Leffmgwell, S. S., Public Health Aspects of Chemical Warfare Agents, in Somani, S. M. (ed.), Chemical Warfare Agents, Academic Press Inc., San Diego, 1992, p. 329. 

Kroes, R., 1971, Public health aspects in oestrogen administration of... 

Desjeux P (1992) Human leishmaniasis epidemiology and public health aspects. World Health Stat Q 45 267-275... 

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