Public economic importance

While potential attacks on all modes of transportation are of concern, the Committee on Assessment of Security Technologies for Transportation believes that the U.S. air transportation system continues to have a high priority for counterterrorism resources, both because of its economic importance and because of the intensified public perception of risk following the September 11, 2001, attacks. The air transportation system can also serve as a testbed for the development of defensive technologies and strategies that can subsequently be applied to other transportation modes. 

Bryan, G. W., Preston, A. and Templeton, W. L. (1966). Accumulation of radionuclides by aquatic organisms of economic importance in the United Kingdom, page 623 in Disposal of Radioactive Wastes into Seas, Oceans and Surface Waters, IAEA Publication No. STI/PUB/125 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna). 

Measures of the public health importance of a disease include the absolute number of cases, the incidence rate, the prevalence (rate), the economic impact of the disease, and the prognosis and preventability of the disease.65 Contact dermatitis is the most common occupational and environmental skin disease. Epidemiologic data show that contact dermatitis comprises 90 to 95% of all occupational skin diseases. 

The science of pharmacovigilance - monitoring and evaluating drug safety issues and communicating them effectively - is a vital activity of worldwide significance in the safeguarding of patient welfare and public health. Its clinical, public health and economic importance has been demonstrated, but it needs to be better understood and appreciated by politicians, the media and the public. 

Epoxidation of olefins with organic hydroperoxides in the presence of metal catalyst complexes has been widely developed in the past decade. The method began to be used only in the middle of the 1960s, but since the end of the 1960s an ever-increasing number of publications and industrial patents have appeared on this topic (primarily in connection with the production of methyl-oxirane) it is quite clear that this is a very effective and economically important reaction of value on both a laboratory and industrial scale. Many researchers are still occupied with the elucidation of the mechanism of the reaction. 

Economically important metamorphic minerals such as serpentine can affect health. In the past few years, asbestos removal has had significant impact on the cost of operating schools and other public buildings, hi the confusion over illness associated with asbestos made from the amphibole mineral crocidolite, citizens demanded the removal of all asbestos, unaware that a less-hazardous form of asbestos, the serpentine mineral chrysotile, also was removed at great expense. 

Despite the economic importance of rosaniline (aniline red, magenta) (6) and its derivatives during the 1860s and after, there was no clear structural information about aniline-derived colorants, at least until 1878. Then, through the joint work of the cousins Emil and Otto Fischer, the search for the parent compound of 6 was successfully concluded with publication of the modern structures for aniline dyes. The Fischers starting point had been Caro and Wanklyn s work on 6 and rosolic acid (13). 

In recognition of the economic importance of kava to the island nations and to ensure the quality of the marketed item, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) funded the Institute of Applied Sciences of the University of the South Pacific, the main campus of which is in Suva, Fiji, to develop quality specifications for kava. The draft quality specifications have now been formulated and form part of a manual entitled, Pacific Kava A Producers Guide, which is being prepared for publication by SPC. In the draft manual, the following quality specifications are proposed. 

After the successful synthesis of a poly(ester-imide) and its use as wire enamel [1], a development of this class of polymers started which is not yet finished today. The progress in chemistry has been reviewed in several papers [2, 3] where general principles were described. The economical importance of poly ester-imide)s made companies uncommunicative and publication work was directed to patent applications. A large number of patents are known on poly(es-ter-imide)s. They cover various areas ranging from raw materials, resin compositions, synthesis and varnish formulations, to uses and processing. 

However, in recent years scientific investigations have revealed the wider economic, toxicological and public health importance of certain mould species. For example, it is now knovm that in some circumstances mould-infected foods can be associated with serious toxicity, and sometimes death. 

However, many moulds are far from beneficial to man. They may damage stored food, clothing, leather, wood and other materials of economic importance. They may also cause extensive crop losses in the form of blights and rusts. Finally, they may pose health hazards by producing toxic substances called mycotoxins (from the Greek mukes mashroom, toxikon-toxic). The enormous public health and economic implications of mycotoxin contamination are illustrated by the fact that the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations estimates that up to 25% of the worlds food crops are affected by mycotoxins. 

The traffic department s over-all responsibility is to procure the most economical transportation available for both manufactured goods and inbound purchased materials. The heaviest amount of the traffic department s work is with the sales department. But it must also work closely with the corporation s executive, production, purchasing, and research and development departments, as well as with accounting, treasury, advertising, and publicity. Many important changes in transportation have occurred in recent years. These have affected railroad shipments, the trucking industry, inland waterways, and ocean freight. 

In spite of the economic importance of catalyst deactivation, a very small percentage of the publications in catalysis are formally devoted to this subject. Hegedus and McCabe reported that, in the period 1967-1978, less than 1% of the publications in catalysis were devoted to deactivation. In the following years, the percentage increased but is still very small. The percentage of publications concerned with the regeneration of the catalytic activity is even smaller. The Catalyst Deactivation Symposia have proved crucial to the advancement of knowledge in this subject. The first one was held in Antwerp in 1980 and the fifth will be held in Evanston in June 1991. 

In total, thirteen publications were reviewed six of which deal with starch polymers, four with PHA, two with PLA and one with other biodegradable polymers. The dominance and the size of the studies analysing starch polymers reflect the current economic importance of this type of material among the biodegradable polymers. Appendix 13.1 provides an overview of the reviewed publications. They were all prepared by Swiss or German organisations and several of them are available in German only. 

Yarish, C., Penniman, C.A., and Van Patten, P. (1990) Economically Important Marine Plants of the Atlantic Their Biology and Cultivation, Connecticut Sea Grant Publications, 158 pp. 

With more than 100 000 species, the phylum MoUusca is the second largest after the Arthropoda and, like the latter, the MoUusca includes as many marine species as terrestrial species. There are at least 50000 species of marine mollusks, and many of these are very familiar to the general public - everybody knows what a cuttlefish, a squid or an octopus is. MoUusk sheUs have been of considerable economic importance since antiquity. ... 

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