Psychosis aggression

The FDA provided a summary of 52 adverse psychiatric reactions reported over the prior year for Concerta and Ritalin, including cases of overstimulation (agitation and mania), depression, psychosis, aggression and violence, and suicidal behavior (FDA, 2006b). Notice the similarity to the dangerous effects that the FDA previously recognized as associated with the newer antidepressants. The similarity between stimulant and antidepressant adverse effects is probably due to the stimulating effects of the newer antidepressants. 

Amphetamines are available in various forms. It is metabolized primarily by CYP2D6 There is a salt form - methylamphetamine ( speed ) - and a free base form ( base ), which looks like a damp or oily paste Crystalloid form ( ice or crystal meth ) is taken orally or intranasally ( snorting ), or injected intravenously Primary mode of action is t release of dopamine. Also inhibits dopamine metabolism and its reuptake, and t release of norepinephrine and serotonin Toxic effects include restlessness, tremor, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, psychosis, aggression, sweating, palpitations, chest pain, t blood pressure, shortness of breath and headache ... 

The treatment goals for acute intoxication of ethanol, cocaine/amphetamines, and opioids include (1) management of psychological manifestations of intoxication, such as aggression, hostility, or psychosis, and (2) management of medical manifestations of intoxication such as respiratory depression, hyperthermia, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, or stroke. 

People with schizophrenia may appear uncooperative, suspicious, hostile, anxious, or aggressive due to their misinterpretation of reality. They may have poor hygiene and appear unkempt, as psychosis, as well as depressive symptoms, may lead... 

To date, clozapine remains the only drug with proven and superior efficacy in treatment-resistant patients, and it is currently the only drug approved for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. Studies have shown a response of approximately 30% to 50% in these well-defined treatment-resistant patients. Clinical trials have consistently found clozapine to be superior to traditional antipsychotics for treatment-refractory patients, and it is efficacious even after nonresponse to other SGAs and in partially responsive patients. It is often rapidly effective even in those who have had a poor response to other medication for years. Recent studies have demonstrated that it has a beneficial effect for aggression and suicidality, which led to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of suicidal behavior in people with psychosis.41... 

Both typical and atypical antipsychotics are effective in approximately 70% of patients with acute mania associated with agitation, aggression, and psychosis, and atypical antipsychotics are better tolerated. 

Brodaty H, Ames D, Snowdon 1 et al. (2003) A randomized placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for the treatment of aggression, agitation, and psychosis of dementia. 1 Clin Psychiatry 64(2) 134-143... 

Antipsychotics or neuroleptics are used for intervention in patients with severe and chronic psychosis of an organic as well as induced nature. These drags are used for controlling manic phases in manic-depressive psychosis such as relieving anxiety, fear, excitement associated with somatic diseases, controlling aggression, tics, and other unequal conditions. 

CNS- Fatigue headache pseudotumor cerebri, including headache, visual disturbances, and papilledema dizziness drowsiness insomnia lethargy malaise nervousness paresthesias seizures stroke syncope weakness suicidal ideation suicide attempts suicide psychosis emotional instability aggression violent behaviors. Depression has occurred and has subsided with discontinuation of therapy and recurred upon reinstitution. 

Serious psychiatric adverse experiences (aggressive reactions, agitation, delusions, emotional lability, mania, neurosis, paranoia, psychosis, suicide) have been... 

Aggressive behavior, anxiety, bradycardia, depression, hallucinations, hypotension, panic attacks, paranoia, psychosis, syncope, tremor... 

Mechanism of Action An indole derivative of dihydroindole compounds fhaf reduces spontaneous locomofion and aggressiveness. Therapeutic Effect Suppresses behavioral response in psychosis. 

Mechanism of Action A phenothiazine derivative that blocks dopamine at postsynap-tic receptor sites. Possesses strong extrapyramidal and antiemetic effects and weak anticholinergic and sedative effects. Therapeutic Effect Suppresses behavioral response in psychosis reduces locomotor activity and aggressiveness. Pharmacokinetics Readily absorbed following PO administration. Protein binding 90%-99%. Metabolized in liver. Excreted in urine. Half-life 24 hr. 

Olanzapine. An open trial of olanzapine monotherapy in youths with BPD showed that treatment improved mania, psychosis, depression, and aggression (Frazier et ah, 2001). Olanzapine was well tolerated and medication compliance was excellent. Weight gain was the most significant side effect (mean weight gain of 5 2.3 kg). 

Treatment of psychosis (schizophrenia) Schizophrenia is a split mind or splitting of perception from reality. The patient of schizophrenia is dissociated from the world around him and lives in their own world which is characterized by aggression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations and delusions. Phenothiazines reduce the hallucinations, aggression, anxiety and make them acceptable and cooperative. 

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