Proton exchange membrane nanocomposite

Damay F., Klein L.C. AC impedance spectroscopy study of proton-exchange membrane nanocomposites. In MRS Vol. 733E Polymer Nanocomposites, Nutt S.R., Vaia R.A., Rodgers W., Ha-genauer G.L., Beall G.W., eds. Warrendale, PA Materials Research Society, 2002, pp. T.1.2.1-T.1.2.6... 

Hickner M, Kim Y S, Wang F, Zawodzinski T A and McGrath J E (2001) Proton exchange membrane nanocomposites for fuel cells., Intern. SAMPE Tech. Conf., 33, pp. 1519-1532. 

The preparation of nanocomposite membranes by intra-membrane growth within a proton exchange membrane was first described by Mauritz et al. [45-47]. The then novelty of this approach and the breadth and depth of these studies warrant the following discussion of the results, which in many ways laid the foundation for future work in this area. This group made use of the hydrophilic ionic cluster regions of Nafion for confined, sulfonic acid group catalysed, hydrolysis/condensation reactions of impregnated alkoxides. Nafion membranes were first swollen in ethanol/water, then tetraethoxy-silane (or aluminium, titanium and zirconium alkoxides) permeated from one side of the membrane. In addition to the concentration profile of in-... 

Lin YF, Yen CY, Ma CCM, Liao SH, Hung CH, Hsiao YH (2007) Preparation and properties of high performance nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell. J Power Sources 165 692-700... 

Hasanabadi N, Ghaffarian SR, Hasani-Sadrahadi MM (2013) Nafion-based magnetically aligned nanocomposite proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. Solid State Ion 232 58-67... 

Shen J, Xi J, Zhu W, Chen L, Qiu X (2006) A nanocomposite proton exchange membrane based on PVDF, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propylene sulfonic acid), and nano-Al203 for direct methanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 159 894—899... 

Proton exchange membranes The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is one of the major components in solid-type fuel cells, such as in PEM and direct methanol fuel cells. Up to now many research groups have reported the fabrication of polymer/silica nanocomposites as a PEM. 

S.W. Chuang, S.L.C. Hsu, YH. Liu, Synthesis and properties of fluorine-containing polybenz-imidazole/silica nanocomposite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, J. Membr. Sci. 305 (1-2) (2007) 353-363. 

Liang Y, Zhang H, Tian Z, Zhu X, Wang X, Yi B. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship exploration of carbon-supported PtRuNi nanocomposite as a CO-tolerant electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Phys Chem B 2006 110(15) 7828-34. 

Suryani, Liu YL (2009) Preparatirut and properties of nanocomposite membranes of polybenzi-midazole/sulfonated silica nanoparticles for proton exchange membranes. J Membr Sci 332 121-128... 

Y. Liu, H. R. Kunz, J. M. Fenton and L. Zhu, Development of nafion/SiOj/phosphotunstic acid nanocomposite membranes for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, PMSE Prepr. (Div. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., Am. Chem. Soc.) 93, 703-104 (2005). 

Du, C., Chen, M., Cao, X., Yin, G., and Shi, P. (2009) A novel CNT Sn02 core-sheath nanocomposite as a stabilizing support for catalysts of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochemistry Communications,... 

Polymer/sihca composite blends, not only improve the physical properties, snch as the mechanical properties and thermal properties of the materials, but they can also exhibit some unique properties that have attracted strong interest in many industries. Besides common plastics and rubber reinforcanent, many other potential and practical applications of this type of nanocomposites have been reported coatings, flame-retardant materials, optical devices, electronics and optical packaging materials, photo resist materials, photo-luminescent conducting film, per-vaporation membrane, ultra-permeable reverse-selective membranes, proton exchange membranes, grouting materials, sensors and materials for metal uptake, etc. As for the colloidal polymer/sihca nanocomposites with various morphologies, they usually exhibit enhanced, even novel, properties when compared with the traditional nanocomposites and have many potential applications in various areas. 

Amirinejad, M., Madaeni, S.S., Navarra, M.A, Rafiee, E., and Scrosati, B. (2011) Preparation and characterization of phosphotungstic acid-derived salt/Nafion nanocomposite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, J. Power Sourc., 196, 988-998. 

Suryani, C.M. and Liu, Y.L. (2009) Eheparation and properties of nanocomposite membranes of polybenzimidazole/sulfonated silica nano-articles for proton exchange membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 332, 121-128. 

Namazi, H. and Ahmadi, H. (2011) Improving the proton conductivity and water uptake of polybenzimidazole-based proton exchange nanocomposite membranes with Ti02 and Si02 nanoparticles chemically modified surfaces. J. Power Sources, 196, 2573—2583. 

Park, Y. and Nagai, M. (2001) Proton exchange nanocomposite membranes based on 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, silicotungstic acid and a-zirconium phosphate hydrate. Solid State Ionics, 145, 149-160. 

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