Proteins originating from

Although the examination of total protein in cerebrospinal fluid is quite valuable, it is necessary to mention that this parameter does not provide exact information on the function of the blood-CSF barrier. This is easy to understand. The increased concentration of total protein in cerebrospinal fluid can be based both on the failure of the barrier with a subsequent increase in the concentration of albumin and of other proteins originating from serum and on a more significant intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins, especially in levels of IgG. 

Purification processes may be affected by the presence of detergents. The problem of association with detergent micelles makes purifying integral membrane proteins difficult the close association of the different proteins originating from membranes often results in very poor separation in conventional fractionation procedures. 

Unstable proteins may be modified by the molecular biological technique of site-directed mutagenesis to remove the site of instability— for instance, an oxidizable cysteine. Such techniques are appropriate for commercial production of proteins, but may of course alter natural functioning parameters. Increased thermostability can be one modification, although it is not easy to predict mutations that will improve that parameter. Thermostable proteins originating from thermophilic bacteria do not need structural modification and, if expressed in large amounts, can be purified satisfactorily in one step by simply heat-treating the extract at 70°C for 30 min, which denatures virtually all the host proteins (e.g., see Oka et al., 1989). 

Ziemienowicz, A., Gorlich, D., Lanka, E., Hohn, B. and Rossi, L. (1999) Import of DNA into mammalian nuclei by proteins originating from a plant pathogenic bacterium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 3729-3733. 

The question of whether proteins originate from random sequences of amino acids was addressed in many works. It was demonstrated that protein sequences are not completely random sequences [48]. In particular, the statistical distribution of hydrophobic residues along chains of functional proteins is nonrandom [49]. Furthermore, protein sequences derived from corresponding complete genomes display a distinct multifractal behavior characterized by the so-called generalized Renyi dimensions (instead of a single fractal dimension as in the case of self-similar processes) [50]. It should be kept in mind that sequence correlations in real proteins is a delicate issue which requires a careful analysis. 

Role of Milk Proteins Originating from Different Animals in the... 

ROLE OF MILK PROTEINS ORIGINATING FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS IN THE INDUCTION OF AN ALLERGENIC REACTION... 

Lecithin is typically made from soybeans and eggs and therefore may contain allergenic proteins originating from the aforementioned raw materials. Reactions to soy lecithin are rare, even in soy-allergic people, since the level of this additive is usually very low in most foods. Likewise, oils (especially cold pressed ones) may contain trace amounts of proteins from the raw materials they are produced from. 

Heid et al., 1996), so it is likely that this protein originates from the surface of intracellular lipid droplets and interacts with BTN, XDH, or perhaps other proteins or protein complexes on the inner face of the MFGM. Phospholipids and glycosphingolipids are known to be asymmetrically organized in cellular membranes but we have no specific information as to how these constituents are oriented in the MFGM. 

Whereas heat precipitation is used only very rarely with proteins originating from mesophilic organisms, it is a very common step in the purification protocols of proteins from thermophilic organisms, which have been doned and expressed in E. coli. However, even in these cases, it is important that the incubation time is kept as short as possible to minimise deamidation of glutamine and asparagine residues. 

Such microvesicles have size variable between 50 nm to 1 (xm and differ from other vesicles (like exosomes (30-100 nm)). In general, microparticles are phospholipids vesicles derived from eukaryotic cells as a result of different types of stimulation. Microparticles can also be defined as phospholipids microvesicles containing certain membrane proteins originating from the parental cell. Microparticles circulate in the blood and contribute to numerous physiological processes. MPs have been described in various haematopoietic cells as platelets (Heijnen et al. 1999), T-cells (Blanchard et al. 2002), polynuclear neutrophils (Mesri and Altieri 1999) or dendritic cells. After have been considered as cell dust, MPs are now considered to reflect cell activation. Platelet derived microparticles have been the most extensively studied until now. They are now accepted to play an important role in the procoagulant... 

To conclude, we have developed a strategy which combines LC-MALDI-MS and nanoLC-MS/MS in order to identify proteins originating from ID gel with a high coverage compatible with plasma membrane study (CD98, CD71, CD44). 

Production and processing of many food products (e.g. cheese, soya sauce and beer) involves enzymatic degradation of the proteins. This has increased the scientific interest in proteases which in turn has led to new applications. Proteases catalyse the degradation of food proteins originate from three sources ... 

The spectrum of surface active behavior displayed by food proteins directly reflects differences in structural and physicochemical properties among the proteins originating from various sources i.e. meat, milk, legumes. Chemical or enzymatic modification of model food proteins has indicated that alteration of specific structural features e.g. net charge, disulfide bonding, size, does influence film formation, foaming and emulsifying properties. 

Elsewhere in this volume Millhauser et al. have discussed the application of nitroxide electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin labels to the study of the structure and dynamics of biopolymers. Another type of EPR spin label that also is useful for investigating biopolymer systems is provided by the photoexcited triplet state of an intrinsic chromophore, because a triplet state carries electronic paramagnetism. A major advantage of the photoexcited triplet state of an intrinsic chromophore over an extrinsic spin label such as a nitroxide adduct is the relatively small structural perturbation caused by the former, which consists only of a localized electronic excitation. Although not as widely exploited as fluorescence, the phosphorescence of proteins, originating from the photoexcited triplet state, has received a great deal of attention. EPR afficionados have a natural attraction to photoexcited triplet states that dates back to the... 

Solubility of hard keratin proteins may also be lowered markedly with such fiber treatments as mild heating, exposure to sunlight, and mild alkaline solution [206-208], However, extended exposures to the above treatments presumably causes peptide bond cleavage resulting in higher solubilities. Most soluble proteins originate from cortical IF-matrix components, and minor structural components appeared to have lower solubility [34]. 

The question of whether natural proteins originate from random sequences of amino acids was addressed in many... 

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