Delivery option

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Paster, M. (2006). Hydrogen Delivery Options and Issues. Presented at the USDOE Hydrogen Transition Analysis Workshop, Washington, DC, August 9-10, 2006. 

Conducting studies in animal models often are challenging and occasionally require anesthesia, w hich might affect the parameter being assessed. Conditioned reflex training may help elicit cooperation. Use of remote controlled implants andnew er drug delivery options represent advances made on this front. 

Considerations of commercial viability have likely influenced the extent of exploratory research activity on the various non-invasive delivery options available for protein and peptide delivery. Currently, the buccal/ sublingual, nasal, transdermal, pulmonary, and oral routes of administration are receiving the most attention in the scientific and patent literature with some technologies showing promise as potentially feasible commercial products. The following sections examine each of these non-invasive delivery routes in greater detail. 

Another delivery option for bypassing the BBB is through intranasal (IN) administration. Compared to intracerebral and intrathecal administration, IN administration is a noninvasive means of delivery of therapeutic agents to the CNS.21 22 Because of the unique connection between the nose and the brain, the olfactory neural pathway provides a route of delivery for various compounds into the CNS. These include toxic agents such as pathogens, viruses, and toxic metals. However, the same pathway can also be used to delivery various therapeutic agents including small molecules and proteins to the CNS (for review, see Refs. 21 and 23). 

Virus tropism enhances delivery options. Can be stable or transient expression. 

If the most appropriate physicochemical properties are not built into the candidate drug during candidate selection, the formulator faces a challenge in trying to overcome these deficiencies during formulation development. In practice, this is usually the case. Some of the formulation and drug delivery options that may be considered are discussed later in this chapter. 

An added benefit is that inhalational therapy reduces potential undesirable negative side effects of treatment when compared to systemic delivery options. Singleagent tolerability via inhalation has been demonstrated in asthmatic and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients. The current and future program is designed to test and confirm general efficacy as single therapeutic inhaled agent. 

In order to accommodate these alternative drug delivery options, the instantaneous absorption equations are written here in terms of the absorbed dose (FD). 

Sensitivity of that cost to numerous assumptions, irrcludirrg future hydrogen production and delivery options... 

These mitigation options—new carrier and route (Option 1) and current carrier and route with smaller tank tracks but more frequent deliveries (Option 2)— were evaluated to the current operation using the same QRA approach and assumptions. The results calculated for the current operation and mitigation options included ... 

For greater quantities of hydrogen (Table 7.12), while it may make sense to use gaseous truck transport for local delivery (Option 5), gaseous truck transport becomes prohibitively expensive for long distances. For the case of pipelines, while distance has increased five times... 

The Elsevier Edition 2.2 of H2Sim does not allow the user to examine the specific characteristics of the storage and delivery options. A full version of HjSim is required. 

Figure 11.8 Share of hydrogen delivery options over time for the 10...

Pedersen S. Delivery options for inhaled therapy in children over the age of 6 years. J Aerosol Med 1997 10 S41-S44. 

A more extensive description of service delivery options may be reviewed in a report that resulted from a RESNA-organized conference on service delivery [ANSl/RESNA, 1987]. 

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