Propylamine, oxidation

Sodium Myreth Sulfate Cocamide Propylamine Oxide Cocamide Propylbetaine... 

Fig. 2.3 Proposed tri-n-propylamine oxidation/ reaction sequence with abbreviations in parentheses (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [34]. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society)...

Chem. Descrip. Cocamido propylamine oxide Ionic Nature Cationic... 

Chem. Descrip. Behenamido propylamine oxide ionic Nature Nonionic Uses Conditioner and foam stabilizer Pmperties Paste 25% cone. 

The lithium- -propylamine reducing system has been found capable of reducing julolidine (113) to /d -tetrahydrojulolidine (114, 66% yield) and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tctrahydroquinoline to a mixture of enamines (87% yield), l-methyl-J -octahydroquinoline (115) and 1-methyl-al -octahydro-quinoline (116) 102). This route to enamines of bicyclic and tricyclic systems avoids hydroxylation, which occurs during mercuric acetate oxidation of certain bicyclic and tricyclic tertiary amines 62,85 see Section III.A). 

A synthetically useful virtue of enol triflates is that they are amenable to palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions under mild conditions. When a solution of enol triflate 21 and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(o) in benzene is treated with a mixture of terminal alkyne 17, n-propylamine, and cuprous iodide,17 intermediate 22 is formed in 76-84% yield. Although a partial hydrogenation of the alkyne in 22 could conceivably secure the formation of the cis C1-C2 olefin, a chemoselective hydrobora-tion/protonation sequence was found to be a much more reliable and suitable alternative. Thus, sequential hydroboration of the alkyne 22 with dicyclohexylborane, protonolysis, oxidative workup, and hydrolysis of the oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl ester protecting group gives dienic carboxylic acid 15 in a yield of 86% from 22. 

Oxidative carbonylation generates a number of important compounds and materials such as ureas, carbamates, 2-oxazolidinones, and aromatic polycarbonates. The [CuX(IPr)] complexes 38-X (X = Cl, Br, I) were tested as catalysts for the oxidative carbonylation of amino alcohols by Xia and co-workers [43]. Complex 38-1 is the first catalyst to selectively prepare ureas, carbamates, and 2-oxazolidinones without any additives. The important findings were the identity of the counterion and that the presence of the NHC ligand influenced the conversions. 2-Oxazohdinones were formed from primary amino alcohols in 86-96% yield. Complex 38-1 also catalysed the oxidative carbonylation of primary amines to ureas and carbamates. n-Propylamine, n-butylamine, and t-butylamine were transformed into the... 

A variety of cleavage conditions have been reported for the release of amines from a solid support. Triazene linker 52 prepared from Merrifield resin in three steps was used for the solid-phase synthesis of aliphatic amines (Scheme 22) [61]. The triazenes were stable to basic conditions and the amino products were released in high yields upon treatment with mild acids. Alternatively, base labile linker 53 synthesized from a-bromo-p-toluic acid in two steps was used to anchor amino functions (Scheme 23) [62]. Cleavage was accomplished by oxidation of the thioether to the sulfone with m-chloroperbenzoic acid followed by 13-elimination with a 10% solution of NH4OH in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. A linker based on l-(4,4 -dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl (Dde) primary amine protecting group was developed for attaching amino functions (Scheme 24) [65]. Linker 54 was stable to both acidic and basic conditions and the final products were cleaved from the resin by treatment with hydrazine or transamination with ra-propylamine. 

Microsomal oxidation of amines and phenols may proceed by different ways. For example, it has been shown [42] that phentermine (2-methyl-l-phenyl-2-propylamine) is hydro-xylated to /V-hydroxyphcntcrminc by rat liver cytochrome P-450 system through a normal cytochrome P-450 way ... 

V,Af-Dimethylaniline A A,A, AT-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine Cyclic amines 4,4 -Bipyridyl Quinoline Pyridine A-oxide Pyridinium chloride Hydroxides CsOH LiOH NaOH Triton B6 Alkylamines Ammonia Methylamine Ethylamine Propylamine Butylamine Decylamine Dodecylamine Tridecylamine Tetradecylamine Pentadecylamine Hexadecylamine Heptadecylamine Octadecylamine Tributylamine Miscellaneous Ammonium acetate Hydrazine Potassium formate Guanidine... 

The zeolite ZSM-5 is prepared by heating a mixture of silicic acid, Si02./ H20, NaOH, AI2SO4, water, /3-propylamine, and tetrapropylammonium bromide in an autoclave for several days at 160°C. The product from this reaction is then heated in air. Why is tetrapropylammonium bromide used in the reaction and what is the effect of the subsequent oxidation reaction ... 

The conversion of porous glass into the zeolites with MFI- and FER-structure has been performed following various synthesis routes, with or without a template addition. Tetrapropylammoniumbromide (TPABr) or propylamine (PA) have been used as a so-called structure directing template. Starting reaction mixtures expressed in mole ratios of the oxides are given below ... 

Some strategies used for the preparation of support-bound thiols are listed in Table 8.1. Oxidative thiolation of lithiated polystyrene has been used to prepare polymeric thiophenol (Entry 1, Table 8.1). Polystyrene functionalized with 2-mercaptoethyl groups has been prepared by radical addition of thioacetic acid to cross-linked vinyl-polystyrene followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate thiol ester (Entry 2, Table 8.1). A more controllable introduction of thiol groups, suitable also for the selective transformation of support-bound substrates, is based on nucleophilic substitution with thiourea or potassium thioacetate. The resulting isothiouronium salts and thiol acetates can be saponified, preferably under reductive conditions, to yield thiols (Table 8.1). Thiol acetates have been saponified on insoluble supports with mercaptoethanol [1], propylamine [2], lithium aluminum hydride [3], sodium or lithium borohydride, alcoholates, or hydrochloric acid (Table 8.1). 

Ondrus and Boerio also found that metallic substrates had a significant effect on the molecular structure of y-APS films cured against them [2], When y-APS films were dried against iron substrates at 110°C for 30 min, the extent of polymerization increased and the bicarbonates dissociated. Similar behavior was observed for films formed on commercially pure 1100 aluminum substrates. However, when y-APS films were dried against 2024 aluminum substrates which contain about 4.6% copper, a new band attributed to an imine formed by copper-catalyzed oxidation of the propylamine group appeared near 1660 cm 1. 

Modeling the biological oxidation of tertiary amines, Audeh and Lindsay-Smith239 prepared perhydropyrido[l,2-a]pyrimidine by the oxidative cyclization of 3-piperidino propylamine by use of potassium hexacyano-ferrate(III) in potassium hydroxide solution. 

FIGURE 2. Difference spectrum produced during NADPH/02-dependent rat liver microsomal metabolism of. Y-meth Idle ] phen l 2 propylamine N-oxide. The time interval between each scan is about 40 s. (Data taken from Ref. 136, with permission)... 

AP (protected by acetylation at N-10, (650)) was prepared in an unequivocal fashion by a different strategy starting with 2-amino-3-cyano-6-formylpyra-zine (647), which was itself prepared by two independent procedures Scheme 3.141) [261], In the first, 2-amino-3-cyano-6-chloromethylpyrazine (645) was converted to (647) via (646) by the KrOhnke procedure in excellent overall yield. In the second, the 1-oxide (644) was treated with w-propylamine,... 

Nl - 5H-DIBENZ0(a,d )CYCLOHEPTENE-delta(sup 5).gamma-PROPYLAMINE 10.11-DIHYDRO-N,N-DIMETHYL-N- OXIDE... 

Oxidation of piperidinone thiosemicarbazones with chloramine-T (CAT) is first order in CAT and fractional order in the substrate. The reaction showed an inverse fractional order dependence on acidity. A plausible mechanism has been indicated 98 Kinetics of oxidation of -propylamine and n-bulylaminc by CAT and chloramine-B (CAB) have been determined and mechanisms have been proposed.99 Mechanisms have been proposed and rate laws derived for the oxidation of dimethylglyoxime100 and p-crcsol101 with CAT. 

A reversed combination of reactants, when 3-cyclohexylaminopyrimidopyridazine 31 li is used as a substrate and propylamine or butylamine as a nucleophile, provides imidazolines 315e,f isomeric to 315c,d. Clearly, the azomethine arises as a result of oxidation of the substrate (311i to 319) as depicted in Scheme 96. 

T7669). Apparently, the first-formed intermediates 323 fail to cyclize into imidazolines 324 due to insufficient stability and steric hindrance. Instead, they lose a propylamine molecule giving enamine 325 that is then converted into pyrrole 236 via the oxidative SNH reaction. Interestingly, the sequence of steps leading to the pyrrole ring annulation in this case is opposite to that in the reaction of pyrimidopyridazine 227 with enamines (see Scheme 69). 

Essentially, all primary skin irritants include acids, alkalis, metals, salts, and solvents. Among organic acids one may include acetic acid, acrylic acid, carbolic acid, chloroacetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and salicylic acid. Among inorganic acids one may list arsenious acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Alkalis include butylamines, ethylamines, ethanolamines, methylamines, propylamines, and triethanolamine. One also may include ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium cyanamide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), and sodium silicate. 

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