Proliferation Autocrine stimulation

Sizeland, A. M., and Burgess, A. W. (1992). Anti-sense transforming growth factor alpha oligonucleotides inhibit autocrine stimulated proliferation of a colon carcinoma cell line. Mol. Biol. Cell% 1235-1243. 

VanderElst I, Dennis JW (1991) A -Linked oligosaccharide processing and autocrine stimulation of tumor cell proliferation. Exp Cell Res 192 612-621... 

Yamaguchi and Ruoslahti (71) first noted that overexpression of decorin in Chinese hamster ovary cells reduced their rate of proliferation and density at saturation. This effect was subsequently attributed to the direct binding and inactivation by decorin of the transforming growth factor-(3 (TGF-p) that was considered to be an autocrine stimulator of cell proliferation in these cultures (72). Biglycan was also reported to bind to TGF-p in the solid-phase competition assay system used in this study. 

IL-2 acts as a critical autocrine growth factor for T-cells, and the magnitude of the T-cell response is largely dependent upon the level of IL-2 produced. IL-2 also serves as a growth factor for activated B-lymphocytes. In addition to promoting proliferation of these cells, IL-2 (as well as some other interleukins) stimulates enhanced antibody production and secretion. In this way, it effectively potentates the humoral immune response. 

Hormones transfer signals by migrating from their site of synthesis to their site of action. They are usually transported in the blood. In this case, they are said to have an endocrine effect (1 example insulin). By contrast, tissue hormones, the target cells for which are in the immediate vicinity of the glandular cells that produce them, are said to have a paracrine effect (2 example gastrointestinal tract hormones). When signal substances also pass effects back to the cells that synthesize them, they are said to have an autocrine effect (3 example prostaglandins). Autocrine effects are often found in tumor cells (see p. 400), which stimulate their own proliferation in this way. 

Cantini, M., Massimino, M.L., Rapizzi, E., Rossini, K., Catani, C., Dalla Libera, L., Carraro, U. (1995). Human satellite cell proliferation in vitro is regulated by autocrine secretion of IL-6 stimulated by a soluble factor(s) released by activated monocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 216 49-53. 

IL-9 can support cell proliferation in the absence of an antigen or APC, Overproduction of it may lead to T-cell tumors, particularly of Th2 lymphocytes. In certain lymphomas, such as Hodgkin s lymphoma, it may act as an autocrine signal for cellular proliferation. IL-9 may play a role in the development of acute myeloblastic leukemia by stimulating leukemic cells to enter the S-phase rather than preventing cell death. In addition, IL-9 acts synergisticaUy with stem cell factor for recruitmg quiescent leukemic cells in the cell cycle. ... 

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