Project control construction, during

Project Control Having made a good estimate of the capital cost and the expected construc tion time, it is essential to introduce an effective system for controlling expenditure of time and money during construction. Good capital-cost control can cut down expenditures even when the definitive estimate is not veiy accurate. It is most important for management to receive early warnings if overruns in expenditure or time are likely to occur. 

To date, the performance of both the Sulphlex overlay and sealcoat is satisfactory and completely comparable to the asphalt control sections constructed during the same period Traffic volume on this section was measured at 5630 ADT due to numerous heavy construction projects in the area, the percentage of heavy trucks is near 60 percent ... 

Project control is also practiced during all phases of engineering, procurement, and construction. 

The number and severity of fabrication and installation deficiencies are also directly related to quality control efforts during construction phases of a project. For example, a review of contractor submittals, or shop drawings, usually helps assure comphance with contract documents before equipment is delivered to the job site. Site inspections during installation work may detect deficiencies in design or workmanship before they lead to operational problems and performance difficulties. In addition, specific operating and performance testing as a prerequisite to final accepfance is a key element in assuring that a system is installed properly. 

Detailed Estimate Method For estimates in the detailed category, a code of account needs to be used to prevent oversight of certain significant items in the capital cost. See Table 9-15. Each item in the code is estimated and provides the capital cost estimate then this estimate serves for cost control during the construction phase of a project. 

Security should encompass both development and production systems. Implement necessary security measures during the preimplementation phases of a project. For example, install key locks on field construction offices and establish access control guidehnes for system developers (and other project team members, as necessary) who are using tools such as development systems and process simulators. 

Plant layout is one area where real cost control can be exercised because of the impact on material and construction costs as well as on operating efficiency. The final layout, usually developed during the basic engineering stage, requires a high degree of experience and the participation of the entire project team as well as the contractor s specialists and Owner s operations and maintenance personnel. 

The aim of this project is to construct mathematical models for char conversion in a fixed-bed gasifier. The understanding of the conditions during char gasification will facilitate a better control, design and the scaling up of gasification plants. 

Before we started the project, the start-up process was specified by means of several check lists, each of them providing detailed instructions for subprocesses like preparation or inertization. These check lists were represented in a simple textual form. A first version of the check lists had been created after the construction of the plant, and occasionally they had been modified to take into account the experiences made by the operators during their daily work. However, complete revisions of the check lists had never been done, such that no explicit record of the valuable know-how of the operators existed. Furthermore, the effects of some modifications of the control system of the plant had never been incorporated in the lists, which therefore contained some out-dated information. In consequence, not all instructions given in the check lists were followed by the different operators, who rather performed individual start-up procedures, resulting in a considerable variance of the start-up time and the quality of the chemical product. 

For the purpose of actual expenditure control, and to determine the funding requirements of the project, allowance had to be made for inflation during the construction period, capitalised pre-operating expenses and capitalised interest during construction. To this end the JEC developed a "dollars of the day" estimate of US 1475 million as shown in the second part of Table 1. 

Whether the formal step approach, or the trending approach with snapshots is used, it is essential that a control estimate be created to be used during construction to control the cost of the constructed project. The result of shortchanging the estimating and cost control effort are a noncurrent cost reality and unhappy surprises as to final cost and schedule. 

During the latter period of the project more stringent financial control was exercised and costs were to some extent brought under control. Nevertheless Major Parker had to repon to a Cabinet Committee in November, 1941, when construction was nearly complete, that the final bill had worked out at 4,400,000, or 20 for every ton of ammunition stored. 

We should evaluate the stability during slope construction and use, make such deformation forecasting. For sliding and slid landslide, we should control their evolution, in time to capture the characteristics of collapse and hazard information, such as the correct analysis and evaluation, forecasting and management of sMe, landslide and related projects, providing reliable information and scientific evidence. 

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