Profiling Studies

Additionally, tegaserod at low nanomolar concentrations increases intracellular cAMP concentrations in crypt cells isolated from rat distal colon and stimulates chloride and water secretion by activation of 5-HT4 receptors [34,35], These findings suggest a modulatory effect on intestinal electrolyte and water secretion in vivo. 

The pharmacokinetics of tegaserod in patients with IBS are comparable to those in healthy individuals, and similar between men and women. No dosage adjustment is required in elderly patients or those with mild-to-moderate hepatic or renal impairment [46,47]. 

Tegaserod is metabolized mainly via two pathways. The first is a presystemic acid-catalyzed hydrolysis in the stomach followed by oxidation and conjugation, which produces the main metabolite of tegaserod, 5-methoxyindole-3-carboxylic 

The second pathway is direct glucuronidation which leads to generation of three isomeric N-glucuronides 8 (R( = Me, R2 or R3 or R4 = Glue). 

Interestingly, slices of human small intestine also metabolized tegaserod to the N-glucuronides, suggesting a contribution of the small intestine to the presystemic metabolism of the drug. 

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Kneipp K, Kneipp H and Seifert F 1994 Near-infrared excitation profile study of surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering and surface-enhanced Raman scattering by means of tunable mode-locked... 

An ESCA angular depth profile study of similarly treated t-PB showed that sulfur and nitrogen are surface species. 

S. J. Borchert and R. J. Maxwell. ESCA depth profiling studies of borosilicate glass containers. J. Sci. Technol., 44, 154, 1990. 

Figure 7 Plot of energy vs torsion angle from an energy profiling study resulting from rotating the oxazoline ring of the 5 isomer of WIN52084 about the phenyl ring.

The concentration profile studies find that the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in a-Si H is thermally activated, as shown in Fig. 17 (Street et al., 1987). Over the temperature range of 130 to 300°C, the diffusion data is described by the Arhennius expression... 

Richard, D. P., Weitz, E., Ouderkirk, A. J. and Dunn, D. S., Infared depth profiling studies of recrystallization in laser-amorphized poly(ethylene terephthalate), J. Phys. Chem., 97, 12061-12066 (1993). 

Benzeggagh, M.L., Prel, Y.J. and de Charentenay, F.X. (1985). Instrumentation of mode I and mode II tests for crack tip strain profile study under static and cyclic loading. In Proc. ECCM-l, p. 291. 

Robertson GT, Bonventre EJ, Doyle TB, Du Q, Duncan L, Morris TW, Roche ED, Yan D, Lynch AS. (2008) In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic Microbiology profiling studies with Staphylococci and Streptococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52 2324-2334. 

The depth profiling studies suggest that two different processes govern the formation of automotive exhaust particles. The elemental surface predominance on large particles is attributed to the deposition of volatile Pb and S species (e.g. PbBrCl, SO2) onto the surfaces of refractory iron-containing particles in the automotive exhaust system (11,12). The iron-rich particles are probably derived from corrosion and ablation of the exhaust system. The smaller, more homogeneous particles may form by a nucleation process in which PbBrCl forms rather pure molten droplets when the exhaust system temperature falls below the saturation point (12). 

Fig. 2. The salt profile studied here is situated next to a basalt dyke, which is locally enlarged to an apophysis. The sampling points in the salt are indicated by the small rectangles numbered R 4250 to R 4254.

Elemental analyses found such films to be Zn rich (with respect to Se) [139,142], The films were oxygen rich, and it is probable that, as was often found with ZnS, the films are a mixture of ZnSe and Zn(OH)2, together with a little ZnO in some cases [140], An XPS depth profile study found the surface of the films to be more stoichiometric (although still Zn rich) than near the substrate [143],... 

Zom KK, Jazaeri AA, Awtrey CS et al. Choice of normal ovarian control influences determination of differentially expressed genes in ovarian cancer expression profiling studies. Clin Cancer Res 2003 9 4811 818. 

The details of the soil profile studied by Vanden Heuvel (1966) show how the magnesio-silicates are associated with the caliche layer, that occurs in the soil profile itself (in the instance studied it covers the upper horizons). Table 3 shows the clay mineral assemblages identified. 

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