Product carbon footprint

Tesco. Product carbon footprint summary. 2012. http //www.tescoplc.com/assets/ files/cms/ Tesco Product Carbon Footprints Summary(l).pdf. Accessed 22 May 2013. 

One of the key methodological issues product carbon footprint standards have to deal with is whether capital goods should be included in the calculations. In some... 

In Muthu s recent book by Woodhead publications (Muthu, 2014), he comprehensively reviews the methods used to calculate environmental impact of textile and clothing supply chain, including product carbon footprints, ecological footprints, and life cycle assessment. The book presents information about the textile supply chain, its environmental impact, and an overview of the methods (greenhouse gas emissions, the water and energy footprints of the industry, and depletion of resources, as weU as the use of LCA) used to measure the overall environmental impact of the textile industry. 

Trappey AJC, Trappey CV, Hsiao CT, Ou JR, Chang CT (2012) System dynamics modeling of product carbon footprint life cycles for collaborative green supply chains, hit J Comput Integr Manuf 25(10) 934—945... 

A life cycle assessment (LCA), also known as life cycle analysis, of a product or process begins with an inventory of the energy and environmental flows associated with a product from "cradle to grave" and provides information on the raw materials used from the environment, energy resources consumed, and air, water, and solid waste emissions generated. GHGs and other wastes, sinks, and emissions may then be assessed (Sheehan et ah, 1998). The net GHG emissions calculated from an LCA are usually reported per imit of product or as the carbon footprint. 

Rotz, C. A., Montes, F., and Chianese, D. S. (2010). The carbon footprint of dairy production systems through partial life cycle assessment. J. Dairy Sci. 93,1266-1282. 

Carbon footprint is most appropriately calculated using life-cycle assessment or input-output analysis [3,4]- In this sense it is based on the ISO 14040 [4] and ISO 14043 [5] norms, on life cycle assessment (LCA). Specific norms for carbon footprint of enterprises and products are ISO 14064 (part 1,2, and 3) [6-8], ISO 14067 [9], and PAS 2500 [10]. Carbon footprint calculation process is shown in Figure 1. 

The carbon footprint of transport fuels has been analyzed in several studies starting from 1990. One of the most important is the study realized by Sheehan et al. [13] at National Renewable Energy Laboratory of the United States.This is an LCA study that includes the impact of C02 emissions. Most important operations belonging to the petroleum diesel product system include crude oil extraction, its transport to an oil refinery, crude oil refining to diesel fuel, its transportation to the user, and its use in a bus engine. 

Figure 5. Carbon footprint of different types of food products at retail. Average values estimated to be representative for food products sold on the Swedish market. Error bars show ranges of values found in the literature. Emissions from land use change and carbon stock changes in soils are not included [47]...

Another issue is represented by dairy production and the carbon footprint of milk [56,50], An important area of research is the production of animal feed for the different diets used in livestock production [57-58],... 

Fantozzi et al. [73] presents the study of the carbon footprint of a typical food product in Central Italy truffle sauce. This is a mixture of vegetable oil and truffle in proportions of 33% and 67% respectively and minor components and spices (garlic, salt, pepper, etc.). Both truffles and olives are cultivated and harvested in a farm in Umbria (Italy). Olives are crushed in a mill that is situated few kilometers from the farm. Once it has been produced, the extra virgin oil, together with the truffle, is transported to another facility to produce bottled truffle sauce. The carbon footprint calculation is based on ISO 14076 technical standard. Product Category Rules (PCR) have been developed (see Table 7). 

ISO. ISO/TS 14067 Greenhouse Gases e Carbon Footprint of Products e Requirements and Guidelines for Quantification and Communication. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013. 

Nijdam, D. Rood, T. Westhoek, H. The price of protein review of land use and carbon footprints from life cycle assessments of animal food products and their substitutes. Food Pol. 2012, 37, 760-770. 

Roos, E. Sundberg, C. Tidaker, P. Strid, I. Hansson, P.-A. Can carbon footprint serve as an indicator of the environmental impact of meat production Ecol. Ind. 

Flysjo, A. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Milk and Dairy Product Chains—Improving the Carbon Footprint of Dairy Products. Dissertation, Aarhus University, 2012. 

Pihkola H, Nors M, Kujanpaa, Helin T, Kariniemi M, Pajula T, Dahlbo H, Koskela S (2010) Carbon footprint and environmental impacts of print products from cradle to grave. Results from the LEADER project (Part 1). Espoo 2010. Vtt Tiedotteita - Research Notes 2560... 

Both the production of hydrogen from coal and the production of oil from unconventional resources (oil sands, oil shale, CTL, GTL) result in high C02 emissions and substantially increase the carbon footprint of fuel supply, unless the C02 is captured and stored. While the capture of C02 at a central point source is equally possible for unconventionals and centralised hydrogen production, in the case of hydrogen, a C02-free fuel results, unlike in the case of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. This is all the more important, as around 80% of the WTW C02 emissions result from the fuel use in the vehicles. If CCS were applied to hydrogen production from biomass, a net C02 removal from the atmosphere would even be achievable. 

Calculate the Carbon footprint of your product, or event... 

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