Processed Food/Feed

OPPTS 860.1000 Background OPPTS 860.1100 Chemical Identity OPPTS 860.1200 Directions for Use OPPTS 860.1300 Nature of Residue - Plants, Livestock OPPTS 860.1340 Residue Analytical Method OPPTS 860.1360 Multiresidue Method OPPTS 860.1380 Storage Stability Data OPPTS 860.1400 Water, Fish, Irrigated Crops OPPTS 860.1460 Food Handling OPPTS 860.1480 Meat/Milk/Poultry/Eggs OPPTS 860.1500 Crop Field Trials OPPTS 860.1520 Processed Food/Feed OPPTS 860.1550 Proposed Tolerances... 

Subdivision O guidelines for residue chemistry data were originally pubHshed by the EPA in 1982. These have been supplemented to improve the rate of acceptance by EPA reviewers of the many reports submitted by registrants in support of tolerances for pesticides in foods. The residue chemistry studies most frequently rejected include metaboHsm in plants, food processing (qv) studies, and studies on storage stabHity of residues in field samples (57). AH tolerances (maximum residue levels) estabHshed under FIFRA are Hsted in 40 CFR under Sections 180 for individual pesticides in/on raw agricultural commodities, 180 for exemptions from tolerances, 185 for processed foods, and 186 for animal feeds. 

Uses. The principal use of monosodium phosphate is as a water-soluble soHd acid and pH buffer, primarily in acid-type cleaners. The double salt, NaH2P04 H PO, referred to as hemisodium orthophosphate or sodium hemiphosphate, is often generated in situ from monosodium phosphate and phosphoric acid in these types of formulations. Mixtures of mono- and disodium phosphates are used in textile processing, food manufacture, and other industries to control pH at 4—9. Monosodium phosphate is also used in boiler-water treatment, as a precipitant for polyvalent metal ions, and as an animal-feed supplement. 

We have seen that only certain micro-organisms that conform to nutritional and safety requirements are suitable for food or feed, and that food has more strict requirements than feed. In addition, for use as food, SCP should have a reduced nudeic add content and should be palatable. Most often this means that its use is limited to processed foods, in which food technologists can produce acceptable tastes, smells and textures. 

This beetle is found on a wide range of foods, but develops best on animal feeds, whole grains, pollen, and various processed food commodities such as egg noodles and wheat germ (Partida and Strong, 1975). Adults are short lived and oviposition peaks after a few days and then declines rapidly. Eggs are laid singly either loosely or in crevices. This species has a larval diapause similar to T. granarium. 

Processed foods may not contain more than the published tolerance allowed for the raw commodity. Tolerances and exemptions from tolerances established by the EPA for pesticide residues in raw agricultural commodities are listed in 40 CFR Part 180. Food additive regulations issued by the EPA for pesticide residues in processed food and feed appear in 21 CFR Part 193 and in 21 CFR Part 561, respectively. 

This case is well described, depicted and illustrated in the pertinent TOS literatnre, especially with reference to the mining, cement and other process industries [1-3,9-14,21] and need therefore not be dealt with farther here. Below the focus is on pipeline and reactor scenarios, specifically for liqnid solutions and mix-tmes, slurries, powders and similar materials of more direct interest to the pharmaceutical and chemical and related industries (food, feed, other). 

The commercial availability of enzymes or whole cell biocatalysts for a desired biotransformation is freqnently a limiting factor for commercial application of biocatalysts. Enzymes that are cheaply available are typically used in detergents, processing of food, feed and textiles, as well as in waste management applications. Most of these are hydrolytic enzymes, bnt also isomerases (e.g. glucose isomerase) and oxidorednctases are used on indnstrial scale (Table 5.1). 

Typical scope Seed purity Grain movements, IP-systems or channeling Processed food or feed... 

Utilization of wheat can be divided into four categories food, feed, seed and industrial.1 Food is the major use for wheat, accounting for 67% of total consumption, while feed and seed utilization represent 20% and 7%, respectively. Industrial uses of wheat, which include wet-processing into starch and gluten, consume about 6% of the production. 

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