Gold preparation

Monolayers of alkanetliiols adsorbed on gold, prepared by immersing tire substrate into solution, have been characterized by a large number of different surface analytical teclmiques. The lateral order in such layers has been investigated using electron [1431, helium [144, 1451 and x-ray [146, 1471 diffraction, as well as witli scanning probe microscopies [122, 1481. Infonnation about tire orientation of tire alkyl chains has been obtained by ellipsometry [149], infrared (IR) spectroscopy [150, 151] and NEXAFS [152]. 

Liedberg B and Tengvall P 1995 Moleoular gradients of -substituted alkanethiols on gold preparation and oharaoterization Langmuir 3821-7... 

Bertilsson L and Liedberg B 1993 Infrared study of thiol monolayers assemblies on gold—preparation, oharaoterization, and funotionalization of mixed monolayers Langmuir 3 141-9... 

Figure 8. Image and diffraction pattern from an (100) epitaxial. specimen of gold prepared in an unbaked UHV evaporator by depo.sition onto KOI and then transfer onto amorphous carbon. Here water vapour was the dominant residual gas (determined by mass spectrometry). The particles are square pyramidal single crystals.

Gold salts have had a long history of use in rheumatoid arthritis.269,270 The development of orally active auranofin (also known as Ridaura (50), Figure 23) was a major improvement over the early injectable gold preparations which were polymeric (e.g., (51)—(53)). However, use has declined with the popularity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as indo-methacin a recent estimate of the commercial value for auranofin was 6 million. The mechanism... 

Such a conversion of one element into another is called trans-, mutation. Today scientists realize that one element cannot be changed, or transmuted, into another element in the sense meant by the alchemists, that is, by means of a chemical reaction. In modem times scientists have learned how to change other ele- j ments into gold, but not by chemical reaction. The artificial gold prepared in this manner is more expensive than natural gold, and so the method is not useful commercially. 

The following generalized protocol is an adaptation for the labeling of 15 nm gold particles with Aplysia gonad lectin, as described by Benhamou et al., 1988. Each lectin-gold preparation will have its own unique pH optimum and ratio of lectin-to-gold for the absorption process. 

Remove excess antibody by centrifuging the colloidal gold preparation twice on a glycerol step gradient (see Note 5). 

If you wish to make larger quantities of gold, prepare multiple 10-mL aliquots rather then one large batch. 

Liedberg B, Tengvall P (1995) Molecular gradients of omega-substituted alkanethiols on gold - preparation and characterization. Langmuir 11 3821-3827... 

This relationship permits of experimental verification by direct observation of the diffusion coefficient and the measurement of the radius of the particle. Svedberg Zeit. Phys. Chem. LXVII. 105, 1907 Archiv f Kemi, etc., K. Svmska Vetensk. Akad. Stockholm, B, IV. 12,1911) employed colloidal gold prepared by reduction with phosphorus according to the directions of Faraday and Zsigmondy. 

Both oral and parenteral gold therapy frequently produces dermatitis, usually preceded and accompanied by pruritus. Stomatitis may accompany dermatitis, which may be preceded by a metallic taste in the mouth of the patient. Blue or gray skin discoloration can arise from gold deposition in that tissue, and photosensitivity may also occur. Unlike parenteral gold compounds, au-ranofin does not accumulate appreciably in the skin. Auranofin, but not the parenteral gold preparations, most frequently causes diarrhea (about 50%), abdominal pain, nausea, and anorexia. 

Mix a stabilizing amount of lectin plus an additional 10% with the appropriate volume of colloidal gold. For example, Benhamou et al. (1988) found that an addition of 5 xg of lectin per milliliter of gold colloid resulted in stable preparations. However, in their final lectin—gold preparation a fivefold increase in this ratio (25 xg lectin/ml gold) was used to stabilize fully the sol. Mix well after addition of lectin to the gold suspension. 

SUN. - Ordinary gold, or gold prepared for the work, also Philosophic Sulphur. 

Suspensions of colloidal gold prepared by Michael Faraday (1791-1867) are still on exhibit at the British Museum. 

Figure 1 (a) The 200 Deutschmark note commemorating Paul Ehrlichmann s contributions to biomedical science included the structure of (PhAs)6, which he developed as a medicinal agent, (b) Letterhead for the Keeley Institute in Lancaster, WI, highlighting the use of gold preparations to treat opium addiction, drunkenness, and neurasthemia in the 1890s... 

Gold prepared by fire and separated from other metals. Fine gold, called by the Greeks,... 

---