Immunoregulatory agents

Pristane-Induced Arthritis (PIA) Model. In one strain of mice, DBA/1, injection of a mineral oil pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) into joint regions induces arthritic disease associated with a broad spectrum of autoantibody production, including rheumatoid factor, anti-collagen and antiheat shock protein antibodies, and polyclonal T cell activation (Wooley and Whalen, 1991). Later work showed the ability to modulate the disease by immunoregulatory agents, e.g., administration of IL-12 cytokine (Beech et al., 1997). However, this disease-induction model appears less frequently used, likely due to lower reproducibility between laboratories, and potential... 

Endogenous substances have been studied as immunoregulatory agents. Melatonin [73-31-4], the pineal neurohormone iV-acetji-5-methoxytryptamine, has been shown to antagonize the immunosuppressive effects of anxiety stress in mice, as measured by antibody production, thymus weight, and by the capacity of stressed- and evening-melatonin-treated mice to react against a lethal vims. 

KiersZenbaum, F., and R. W. Ferraresi Enhancement of host resistance against Trypanosoma cruzi infection by the immunoregulatory agent muramyl dipeptide. Infect. Immun. 

Some of these agents have more than one action, For example, sirolimus is antiproliferative, but also carries antiinflammatory properties and possesses immunoregulatory functions. Similarly, cilastozole has antiplatelet activity, but also inhibits SMC migration and directly inhibits intimal proliferation. Table 2 lists the drugs that have shown positive results in clinical trials and their mechanisms of action. 

B9. Bata, J., and Revillard, J. P, Interaction between alpha 1 antitrypsin and lymphocyte surface proteases Immunoregulatory effects. Agents Actions 11, 614—616 (1981). 

The immune system is subject to modulation by a number of environmental cues including, but not limited to, microbial infections, toxic agents, stress, drugs and trauma. Endogenous immunoregulatory factors include those produced by the nervous and endocrine systems. This chapter discusses how these factors, as well as drugs targeting the immune, autonomic and central nervous systems, affect the immune system. 

Flumizole 56 (Fig. 12.4) is an immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory agent. In animal studies, it was found to be several times more active compared with indomethacin (rat foot edema and prostaglandin synthetase tests). The related... 

Several are the medical applications of new EPSs, ranging from antitumor to antiviral agents polymers with immunostimulant properties have been described. Qeobacillus themodenitnficans isolated ffomVulcano island (Italy) produced an EPS with immunomodulatory and antiviral effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The same authors have reported the studies conducted on a new EPS produced by Badllus licheniformis that showed the antiviral and the immunoregulatory effect... 

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