Primrose oil

Dong quai and several other herbal products, including evening primrose oil, passion flowers, sage, valerian root, flaxseed, and wild yam, have not demonstrated efficacy with regard to the relief of vasomotor symptoms, and the safety of these products is also questionable.4,33,35 Therefore, these products should not be recommended for the relief of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. 

Evening primrose oil, passion flowers, sage, valerian root, and wild yam No demonstrated efficacy Not recommended Caution with all plant products in women with hay fever and plant allergies... 

It is claimed that chronic deficiency of arachidonic acid can lead to a number of medical problems that can be overcome by supplementation of a normal diet with evening primrose oil. Supplementation is claimed to lead to an alleviation of eczema reduction in premenstrual tension and breast pain during menstruation improvement in some chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive patients and reduction in blood cholesterol levels. As might be expected, these claims are controversial, but they serve to illustrate how basic biochemical information can lead to a considerable lay interest in a subject. 

Glycerin polysorbate 60 Evening primrose oil Sorbitan stearate Cetyl ester... 

Ephedra (Ephedra sinica)/Ma Huang Evening Primrose Oil Oenothera biennis) Feverfew Tanacetum parthenium)... 

Imipramine (Tofranil) [Antidepressant/TCA] WARNING Close observation for suicidal thinking or unusual changes in behavior Uses Depres-sion, enuresis, panic attack, chronic pain Action TCA t CNS synaptic serotonin or norepinephrine Dose Adults. Hospitalized Initial 100 mg/24 h PO in doses T over several wk 300 mg/d max Output Maint 50-150 mg PO hs, 300 mg/24 h max Peds. Antidepressant 1.5-5 mg/kg/24 h daUy-qid Enuresis >6 y 10-25 mg PO qhs T by 10-25 mg at 1-2-wk int vals (max 50 mg for 6-12 y, 75 mg for >12 y) Rx for 2-3 mo, then tap Caution [D, /-] Contra Use w/ MAOIs, NAG, acute recovery from MI, PRG, CHF, angina, CVD, arrhythmias Disp Tabs, caps SE CV Sxs, dizziness, xerostomia, discolored urine Interactions t Effects W/ amiodarone, anticholinergics, BBs, cimetidine, diltiazem, Li, OCPs, quinidine, phenothiazines, ritonavir, verapamil, EtOH, evening primrose oil t effects OF CNS depressants, hypoglycemics, warfarin T risk of serotonin synd W/MAOIs 4-... 

Prostaglandin outflow. Oil was administered to weanling male rats fed ad libitum a semisynthetic diet supplemented with 10% by weight of primrose oil, replaced partly or completely (25, 50, 75, or 100%) by hydrogenated coconut oil for 8 weeks. The release of prostanoids from the mesenteric vasculature was significantly reduced in the animals on the diet with the oil replaced by coconut oil "k... 

OE161 Jantti, ]., E. Seppala, H. Vapaatalo, and H. Isomaki. Evening primrose oil and olive oil in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1989 ... 

Hypocholesterolemic activity. Extract of the dried entire plant, administered to rats at a dose of 30% of diet, was active " . Lignan fraction of the seed, administered in the ration of 4-week-old rats at a dose of 0.2% of the diet for 3 weeks, was active. Dietary fat sources were safflower and primrose oils . 

The psychiatric community, the lay press, and ads on the Internet have drawn attention to the role of essential fatty acids (EFAs) on neural development and on the treatment of mental illness. The EFAs are often referred to as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and include fish oil, flax seed oil, and evening primrose oil supplements. 

Evening Primrose Oil (Oenof/iera biennis) Uses PMS, diabetic neuropathy, ADHD, IBS, RA, mastalgia Action Anti-inflammatory, antispas-modic, diuretic, sedative effects related to a high concentration of essential fatty acids esp GLA CLA their conversion into prostaglandins Available forms Caps, gel-caps, Liq dose depends on GLA content DM neuropathy 4000-6000 mg PO OD Eczema 4000 mg PO OD Mastalgia 3000 1000 mg PO -r doses PMS 2000-4000 mg PO OD RA Up to 5000 mg PO OD Notes/SE Indigestion, N, soft stools, flatulence, HA, anorexia, rash Contra Do not use PRG or lactation do not use persons w/ Sz disorders Interactions T Phenobarbital metabolism, i Sz threshold, T effects OF diuretics, sedatives EMS May take up to 4 mo for max effectiveness T risk of Szs... 

Mix the primrose oil with Cremophor RH 40 heat to 60 °C and add slowly the warm water II. Add the components III to the well stirred solubilisate l/ll. Finally add Kollidon 90 F to the obtained suspension portionwise with stirring. 

Dasgupta, A., Banerjee, P. and Malik, S., Use of microwave irradiation for rapid transesterification of lipids and accelerated synthesis of fatty acyl pyrrolidides for analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry study of fatty acid profiles of olive oil, evening primrose oil, fish oils and phospholipids from mango pulp,... 

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