Primary transformer

H-Dealkylation. This is commonly observed as a primary transformation of pesticides with A/-alkyl substituents, such as atrazine [1912-24-9] (3) (eq. 5), trifluraHn [1582-09-8] (4) (eq. 6) (16), and 3 -ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate [759-94-4] (EPTC) (5) (eq. 7) (18). These reactions are catalyzed by a variety of bacterial strains, including Noeardia, Pseudomonas, Phodococcus, and Streptomyces. 

The secondary transformation processes use semi-manufactured products resulting from a primary transformation, for example ... 

Biological. 1-Naphthylamine added to three different soils was incubated in the dark at 23 °C under a carbon dioxide-free atmosphere. After 308 d, 16.6 to 30.7% of the 1-naphthylamine added to soil biodegraded to carbon dioxide (Graved et al., 1986). Li and Lee (1999) investigated the reaction of 10 mL of 7 mM 1-naphthylamine with 4 g of a Chalmers soil (pH 6.5, 11.1% sand, 72.8% silt, 16.0% clay). After 120 h, the soil was washed with acetonitrile and the extractant analyzed using GC/MS. The primary transformation product was a dimer tentatively identified as TV-(4-aminonaphthyl)-1-naphthylamine. The investigators hypothesized that the formation of this compound and two other unidentified dimers was catalyzed by minerals present in the soil. 

Lee LS, Strock TJ, Sarmah AK, Rao PSC (2003) Sorption and dissipation of testosterone, estrogens, and their primary transformation products in soils and sediment. Environ Sci Technol 37 4098-4105... 

After the MOSFET turns off, the drain voltage rises and the primary peak current is delivered to the load. The current then falls at a rate determined by the output voltage and the primary inductance. Once the energy in the primary inductance is depleted, the drain voltage falls, in accordance with the resonant characteristics of the primary inductance and the resonant capacitance (plus the primary transformer capacitance and the MOSFET output capacitance). 

Behaviors of proplnts JP 76 RPL 142 on heating at 65° were oot identical. Although the heating of samples of JP 76 continued for 107 weeks, no blistering or evolution of NOg was observed. On the other hand, samples of RPL 142 became blistered and evolved NO after 93 weeks of heating. While in JP 76, N-nitroso-N-ethylaniline was the major primary transformation product of Centr 1 and 4-nitro-centralite was the minor product, the situation was reversed in RPL 142, where 4 nitrocentralite predominated. Furthermore, the rate at which Centr 1 disappeared from JP 76 was about 5 times as great as that at which it was depleted from RPL 142. This was due to the greater initial amt of Centr in JP 76... 

FIGURE 2.3 Typical current draw by arc furnace at the primary transformer. Large current fluctuations normally occur for several seconds before steady state is obtained. 

Because of the obligate outcrossing nature of alfalfa, all experiments were carried out using vegetative cuttings of primary transformants. Nodal stem sections were placed in sterile, moist vermiculite for approx 14 d to stimulate adventitious root production, then transferred to a mix of sand and soil (1 1 [v/v]) in 3.8 x 21 cm plastic cone-tainers (Stuewe Sons, Corvallis, OR) and fertilized monthly with soluble 10 10 10 (N P K) fertilizer. 

JSl-Dealkylation. This is commonly observed as a primary transformation of pesticides with A/-alkyl substituents, such as atrazine [1912-24-9]... 

To effect a transformation, covalent-bond requires the use of specific methods. In particular, we need to establish generic methods that are responsible for primary transformations. The dominant method of covalent-bond is make-covalent-bond. Make-covalent-bond establishes a covalent-bond between two reaction centers when enabling conditions are achieved. It also performs all the necessary bookkeeping to ensure the bond is recognizable by the instance of abc. Expressed in... 

Sulfur donors may also be introduced by the primary transformation of the triol into a functionalized thiethane (Equation (10)). Subsequent addition of two potentially different phosphorus nucleophiles leads to tripod ligands containing two phosphane donors together with an SH function ((84), (85), (87), (88)). 

C. These were called the "primary transformants". The transformation efficiency was estimated to be about 1 x 10 cells transformed per host cell. 

A contemporary work with Spaccapietra and Parent [1994] is The Database Design and Evaluation Workbench [Rosenthal and Reiner 1994], The workbench allows users to manipulate schemas, including combining multiple views into one schema. Their ER-based system largely focuses on rearrangements, which transform the input but leave the content equivalent to the input. The primary transformations that they considered were ... 

Conder JM and La Point TW, Solid phase microextraction for predicting the bioavailability of TNT and its primary transformation products in sediment and water, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 24, 1059, 2005. 

Anilino-2,2,3-trimethyl- 1,2-dihydroquinoline (16, R = -NHC6H5) is an interesting stabilizer [37]. Its sacrificial transformation yields QI 120. An exocyclic aminyl is envisaged as the primary transformation product. QI 120 hydrolyzes slowly in a weak acid environment into 105. 

Carbofuran is metabolized by hydroxylation and hydrolysis in plants, insects, and mammals. The primary transformation product in most plants appears to be 3-hydroxycarbofuran. However, levels of 3-hydroxycarbofuran and other degradation products in plants are influenced by numerous factors, including plant age, soil type, pesticide formulation, application method and rate, and weather conditions. Oxidation of unconjugated 3-hydroxycarbofuran yields 3-ketocarbofuran, which is, in turn, rapidly hydrolyzed to the much less toxic 3-ketocarbofuran phenol. Accordingly, 3-ketocarbofuran is not likely to be detected as a terminal residue in plants above trace levels. Residue analyses indicated that carbofuran... 

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