Primary peak

Luminescence of Pyrosoma. All species of the genus Pyrosoma (about 10 species) are bioluminescent. Pyrosoma is one of the few organisms reported to luminesce in response to light (Bowlby et al., 1990). The luminescence emission spectrum of Pyrosoma atlantica is bimodal according to Kampa and Boden (1957), with the primary peak near 482 nm, and the secondary near 525 nm. Swift et al. (1977) reported the emission maxima of two Pyrosoma species at 485 and 493 nm, respectively, and Bowlby et al. (1990) found an emission peak at 475 nm with P. atlantica. A corrected bioluminescence spectrum of P. atlantica (A.max 485 nm) reported by Herring (1983) is shown in Fig. 10.5.2. 

FIGURE 6.34 Comparison of primary peak area results for 24 samples analyzed using PLC and HPLC. The primary peak purity (%) obtained using conventional HPLC and PLC differed by an average of 2%. 

If the primary peak is the only peak with a binding energy less than the Koopmans theorem energy (this is usually the case), then an increase in the primary relaxation energy must be accompanied by an increase in the quantity 2 ( )- KTX/ for the shake-up and shake-off bands, where the intensities If are... 

We must also take into account two further factors. First, the fact that the transmission efficiency of the analyzer is a fimction of the kinetic energy (K.E.) of the photoelectrons in the ESCA-3 Vacumn Generators instrument the transmission is inversely proportional to the K.E. of the electrons (3a). Second, photoelectron yields must refer to total yield from a particular ionization process and this need not, for example, be just the area of the relevant peak. Account must be taken of all processes that divert electrons from the primary peak, e.g., shake-up, shake-oflF, and plasmon peaks. In some cases, e.g., emission from the Cu 2P3/2 level, the contribution of additional processes is small but in others, and emission from the Al(2p) shell is an example, the no-loss peak is substantially less than the true Al(2p) emission. 

Figure 2.5 Cation-anion center-of-mass radial distribution functions of [CjCjIm]Cl calculated using two different classical forcefields (a) that of Canongia-Lopes [21] (solid line) and (b) that of Liu et al. [22] (dashed line). Both have a small shoulder at 5.6 A, and the model of Liu et al. displays a splitting of the primary peak.

After the MOSFET turns off, the drain voltage rises and the primary peak current is delivered to the load. The current then falls at a rate determined by the output voltage and the primary inductance. Once the energy in the primary inductance is depleted, the drain voltage falls, in accordance with the resonant characteristics of the primary inductance and the resonant capacitance (plus the primary transformer capacitance and the MOSFET output capacitance). 

Shake-up satellite structure in the X-ray photoelectron spectra of [Mo(CNR)7](PF6) (R = Me, Bu, C6H,) has been observed. The similarity of the nitrogen band carbon s Is/lp ratios to those of Mo(CO)6 oxygen b and carbon b Is/lp ratios argues for a similarity in bonding, as a decrease in the metal-carbon bond length (i.e., stronger M-C bonding) will influence both the satellite position relative to the primary peak and the Is/lp intensity ratio (266). 

A logical extension of FI A with serial EC-LC-MS is to incorporate a separation technique to further characterize the products. Figure 8.2 is an example of precolumn EC oxidation of tamoxifen. With the EC cell at 500 mV, the total ion chromatogram (TIC) shows two primary peaks corresponding to starting material (tamoxifen) and, at an earlier retention time, an N-demethylated product. With the precolumn EC cell at 1000 mV (Fig. 8.3), additional peaks are evident, including possible aromatic... 

Figure 4.8-5 Raman spectra of poly(acetylene), degraded by exposure to ambient conditions. The numbers refer to the exposure time in hours, according to Knoll and Kuzmany, 1984 (a), and to the conductivity of the samples after iodine doping with different concentrations of defects, characterized by the ratio R of the satellite peak intensity to the primary- peak intensity of the C=C stretching mode, according to Schaefer-Siebert et al. 1987 (b).

Said [6] suggests the use of average values instead of selection of the first or second primary peaks, which leads to the following expression for resolution ... 

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