Recycling primary

Tertiary recycling via chemical treatment Recovery of energy 

Quite another approach deals with the conversion of plastics wastes to self-degradable species. This idea will be discussed later. 

Primary recycling means reuse of off-grade and scrap materials directly by the converter plant. This refers strictly to thermoplastics, which already 

Comparison of Energy Cost of Manufacture for Disposable and Returnable Milk Containers 

Container Weight Energy Used Heat Content 

For this reason, the steps in the primary recycling process are  

Separate the waste by the specific type of resin and hy different colours, and then 

The waste has better melting properties so it should he reextruded into pellets which can be added to the original resin. 

This type of recycling is very expensive compared with other types of recycling, due to the plastic property requirements mentioned above. If the waste can be easily sorted by resin but cannot be pelletised due to colour contamination, then the waste can be fed into moulding applications to produce items which have less stringent property requirements. 

TABLE 11.2 Twelve Principles of Green Engineering and Green Chemistry 

Principle 1 Designers need to strive to ensure that all material and energy inputs and outputs are as inherently nonhazardous as possible. 

Principle 2 It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste 

Principle 3 Separation and purification operations should be designed to minimize energy consumption and materials use. 

Principle 4 Products, processes, and systems should be designed to maximize mass, energy, space, and time efficiency. 

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Primary intermediates Primary nucleation Primary ozomdes Primary plasticizer Primary recycling Primary structure Primary tastes Primatene Mist Primaxin Prime+... 

Davos, 14th-18th March 1994, paper 51. 8(13) OPTIONS FOR PRIMARY RECYCLING OF PLASTIC RECYCLABLES... 

Many cities haves distributed standardized recycling containers to all households with directions that read We would prefer that you use this new container as your primary recycling container as this will expedite pick-up of recyclables. Additional recycling containers may be purchased from the City. ... 

Class 1 materials remaining from production by the manufacturing or converting industry where their history is well known. These materials typically are always under the control of the processor. Provided that good manufacturing practice is followed and contamination can be excluded, this material is as suitable for direct contact with foodstuffs as new material. Class 1 material can be defined as post-industrial recycled polymers and corresponds to US FDA s primary recycling (pre-consumer scrap). 

Miscellaneous materials Primary recycling Secondary recycling... 

As previously discussed, the major battery manufacturers in Europe, Japan and the United States had all successfully eliminated mercury from primary batteries by 1993. Consequently the mercury burden on the environment from waste primary batteries has been significantly reduced and continues to reduce year on year. The question remained, at what point in the future would all batteries which were sold before 1993 have been disposed of by the consumer If this date can be ascertained, then all primary recycling operations after that date need only concentrate on resource conservation and not toxic elimination. 

In apparel production, primary recycling is the collection of pre-consumer offcuts of fabric from production. The nature of cut-and-sew manufacture of apparel means that there is significant textile waste resulting from the leftover fabric between individual pattern pieces. Rissanen (2008) estimates this as up to 15% of the yield required for each garment. 

Therefore, primary recycling of homogeneous and well-defined plastics is the easiest solution, if it is possible and viable. 

Primary recycling is the processing of scrap plastic product into a product with characteristics similar to those of the original product. ... 

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