Primary bioresources

Primary bioresources are generated for a specific application-oriented purpose in forestry, agri- or aquaculture to enable the production of food, substantial products, or eventually energy (Figure 7.3). The utilization of primary bioresources for energy production is questionable due to efficiency issues. 

Virgin primary bioresources are grown plants or animals mainly. Quantitatively, actually the most important primary bioresources are plants from minor importance are... 

Note Not all plants can be considered as a primary bioresource. Examples are plants from parks and gardens which have primarily a recreational function.They are assigned to secondary or tertiary bioresources (Chapter 7, Section 2.2.3 and Section 2.2.4).The primeval forest plants are not primary bioresources either, because they are not grown for an application-oriented purpose. The same is true for wild living and pet animals. Primary bioresources are not considered as substrates for civilization biorefineries, but for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation biorefineries. However, processing of primary bioresources should be closely connected within the system of a civilization biorefinery. 

As processing outcomes, they consist of parts from the primary bioresources. They may be mechanically removed residues from the primary bioresources during primary processing. Mechanical, but also biological, chemical, or physical processes could be used for separations in the follow-up processing chain. The main output of such processes are the primary bioresources, all others are secondary bioresources, if they met the previous noted criteria. 

Primary bioresources are renewable, but they are not unlimitedly available due to finite area available for their generation on our planet. After depletion of fossil resources they are the only mean to deliver precursors to generate substantial goods.They also may be usedfor producing energy, but in this sector renewable alternatives such as wind, sun, and water exist. 

Note The intermediate products (pulp and paper) and the e product (paper product) in this chain contain primary bioreources they are not a primary bioresource as a whole. 

For paper production different bioresource categories are used primary bioresources—virgin cellulose fibers from pulp mills secondary bioresources—recovered residues from paper processing industry quaternary bioresource—recovered paper fibers, e.g., wastepaper from households, industry, commerces, trade, offices, and administration. Primary, secondary, and quaternary bioresources together make around 89% of the raw... 

To sum up, the primary bioresource for paper chain is the harvested tree respectively the tree s stem-wood. Secondary and tertiary bioresources are bark, other woody biomass, black liquor, paper production, and processing residues which are generated along the chain. If these are utilizedfor substantial or energetic purposes we have a multichain utilization. And if the quaternary postconsumer fibers from wastepapers are reused we have cascade utilization. 

Primary use tderuy (PUE) One specific primary bioresource should be attributed to one main product only, which is the main purpose of the production activity e.g., certain products from agriculture into food or biodiesel or biogas certain products from forestry into paper or construction material or bioethanol or bioplastics. With the efficiency calculation it could be stated, how much of the original bioresource ends up in the final product, supplied to the consumer. 

Multichain use tciency (MUE) A primary bioresource additionally may deliver secondary and tertiary bioresources or tertiary bioresources which also can be utilized and deliver further products e.g., bark from trees to mulch black liquor from pulping to energy, and additionally the primary pulp to the main product, the paper. With this efficiency calculation it could be stated how much from a primary bioresource ends up in the main product and additional in other products supplied to the consumer. 

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