Prevalence figures

The definition of what constitutes a rare disease varies in different regions of the world. The prevalence figure accepted in the European Union is no more than five individuals per 10 000 of the EU population. In the United States, it is defined as a disease that affects less than 200 000 of the population. This size of population is approximately equal to a prevalence of 7.5 individuals per 10 000 of the United States population. Similarly, the prevalence figures accepted in Japan and Australia are no more than 4.2 and 1.1 individuals respectively per 10 000 of their corresponding populations. 

For years, Thailand used to have the world s highest methamphetamine prevalence figures, but this changed following the market crack-down in 2003. Based on survey results in 2005, the highest prevalence rates worldwide are now found in the Philippines. This prompted the authorities in 2005 and 2006 to take... 

The vulnerability of the elderly is nowhere more apparent than in regard to TD. The two most recent editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (APA, 1994, 2000) provide a consensus statement that sums up the degree of risk in the elderly, noting prevalence figures reported up to 50% and an incidence of 25%-30% after an average of 1 year s cumulative exposure to neuroleptic medication. This is so hard to believe that it is worth paraphrasing More than one-quarter of the elderly will develop TD within the first year of exposure ... 

How common is psoriasis Estimates of the prevalence of psoriasis in the population at large vary from 0.2 to 4% (Table 1). Bereston and Cecclini (B9) and Sutton (S29) based their data on a study of Army personnel therefore, the mean age of the population studied was low and all were men. This no doubt explains the low frequencies since most studies indicate that the mean age of onset of psoriasis is in the twenties and about four years later in men than in women (Table 2). Lane and Crawford (Ll) actually reported an incidence rather than a prevalence figure for psoriasis since they were reporting the percentage of new cases of psoriasis admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital per year per total hospital admissions. The prevalence of the disease would be expected to be much higher than the incidence, since once it appears it rarely goes away and it does not decrease the life expectancy of the... 

The prevalence, not incidence, of the population to be served by the product must be fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. The applicant should include, in the Background and Significance section, a detailed explanation supplemented by authoritative references in support of the prevalence figure. If the product has been... 

In its recent proposed regulations (adopted as final in December 1992, the FDA makes clear that the 200,000 prevalence figure means 200,000 affected persons in the United States at the time that the orphan-drug designation request is made (not 200,000 new cases annually) and that a drug would remain an orphan drug even if the disease or condition ceases to an orphan disease or condition because of increased prevalence in order to protect a sponsor s good-faith investment (56 FR 3339) ... 

Age-adjusted prevalence studies in Canada, Scotland, New Zealand, Sicily and various parts of the USA resulted in prevalence figures between 76 and 257 per 100000. Studies in the UK, Norway and the Faroe Is-... 

The estimate of the current worldwide iodine deficiency situation is based primarily on UI data. However, TGP is also included in order to compare prevalence figures to previous estimates. The most recent estimates for both indicators utilized several types of data in the time frame of 1993—2003, but prioritized recent data (1998—2003). Thus, data were selected as follows recent national surveys (1998—2003) recent subnational data (1998—2003) older national surveys (1993—1997) and older subnational data (1993—1997). When subnational data were utilized, surveys within the time frame were combined and weighted by the sample size of each survey. Data for school-age children were prioritized. In the absence of data for this group, data from the next closest population groups were utilized as follows children closest to school-age adults the general population preschool-age children and other population groups. The estimates utilized 2002 UN population estimates to determine the number of individuals affected (United Nations Population Division, 2003). 

A number of studies report prevalence figures of erectile dysfunction of 50% or more in type 2 diabetic men above 50 years of age. Probably comparable figures may be true for women with diabetes. Diabetes, type 1 and 2, remains the most common cause of sexual dysfunction and it is generally acknowledged that these problems are two or three times as common as in the background population. 

Three substrate substructures are particularly often mentioned for giving 6-exo-cyclizations, among which allyl side chain containing skeleton F is most prevalent (Figure 6.4) [91-95]. Some representative examples of substructure F 6-cxo-cyclizations are treated in detail below. 

Atopic diathesis is indubitably a common human trait, but several factors make it difficult to obtain an absolutely accurate measurement of its true frequency (1) differences in definition of the state and of individual diseases that accompany it (2) significant influences of race, sex, and environmental factors in the production of clinical disease (3) the natural history of the individual conditions, with remissions and exacerbations, means that prevalence figures at any given time underestimate the number of patients actually at risk and (4) symptoms occurring in early life are often not recognized as atopic. However, one can estimate that at least one in five Western individuals will have experienced at least one atopic disorder by the age of twenty. The frequency of positive skin tests, with or without symptoms, indicates that about a third of the population carry the atopic predisposition (Davis, 1976 Godfrey and Griffiths, 1976). 

To verify whether ID consumption rates assessed from measurement of drag residues in wastewater were in tine with official epidemiological data, estimates of ID consumption obtained by wastewater analysis in Milan, Lugano, and London, were compared with national prevalence figures obtained from population surveys in Italy, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (Fig. 16.2). Comparison of the results showed... 

These are prevalence figures of patients actually afflicted at the time they do not include those who have had the condition and recovered. Another noteworthy statistic is that approximately 9% of all patients seeking medical care at a physician s office do so for one of the allergic diseases. ... 

More than 50 % of goiters belong to stages la and lb. Correct prevalence figures depend considerably on the quality of the method used for goiter detection especially in follow up studies after iodine supplementation. 

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