Pressure channel

FIGURE D.7 Integrated microfluidic devices, which contain valves that can be pinched closed by pressurized channels, are fabricated from rubber by softmicrolithography at low... 

Taking into consideration the main pressures channeling the evolution toward metabolic efficiency, that is, increasing free energy dissipation and energetic efficiency, one may single out... 

Spiral-wound elements, as shown in Figure 2, consist primarily of one or more membrane "leaves, each leaf containing two membrane layers separated by a rigid, porous, fluid-conductive material known as the "permeate channel spacer." The permeate channel spacer facilitates the flow of the "permeate", an end product of the separation. Another channel spacer known as the "high pressure channel spacer" separates one membrane leaf from another and facilitates the flow of the high pressure stream through the element. The membrane leaves are wound around a perforated hollow tube, known as the "permeate tube", through which the permeate is removed. The membrane leaves are sealed with an adhesive on three sides to separate the feed gas from the permeate gas, while the fourth side is open to the permeate tube. 

The high pressure "residual gas" mixture remains in the high pressure channel spacer, losing more and more of its acid gas and being enriched in hydrocarbon gas as it flows through the element, and exits at the opposite end of the element. 

Figure 12 Calculated flow velocity profiles for 4 two-phase microflows with the same pressure. Channel width of 250 pm is assumed.

Pneumatic Pressure Channel Fig. 5.14 Schematic of the pneumatic microvalve... 

Volume measurements by impedance were proposed early and became one of the first widespread impedance applications in hospital instrumentation. It is a part of the usual bedside patient monitor present in all intensive-care units impedance adds respiration to the ECG and blood pressure channels. It is embedded in the monitors rather anonymously, uses the ECG electrodes already there, and passes unnoticed as a clinical bioimpedance method by most users. 

STEAM mixing HEADER MIXED STEAM TO PONO DUMP MAIN STEAiM PIPE 1C TURBINE SAFETY VALVE ESCAPE PIPING O PRESSURE CHANNELS II NEUTRON SHIELD TANKS IZ MAIN CIRCULAHNG PUMPS FEEDERS K FEEDWATER PIPING 15 TOf LAGGING BC ... 

Randell, R.R. (1932). Improvements in the art of measuring fluid flow in open or non-pressure channels. US Court of Customs and Patent Appeals Washington DC. 

Overall the results show that the wall force field penetration depth is an additional length scale for gas flows in nano-channels, breaking dynamic similarity between rarefied and nanoscale gas flows solely based on the Knudsen and Mach numbers. Hence, one should define a new dimensionless parameter as the ratio of the force field penetration depth to the characteristic channel dimension, where wall effects cannot be neglected for large values of this dimensionless parameter. Additionally, the calculated tangential momentum accommodation coefficients for a specific gas-surface couple were found to be constant regardless of different base pressure, channel height, wall velocity, and Knudsen number. Results of different gas-surface couples reveal that TMAC is only dependent on the gas-surface couple properties and independent of the Knudsen number. 

It is a boiling water pressure tube (channel) reactor, cooled by light water and moderated by graphite. (In pressure tube (channel) reactors the nuclear fuel, made from low enriched uranium oxide, is contained in a set of parallel and closely spaced tubes or channels.) On passing, it has to be said that water reactors are numerous in the world, although the majority of these reactors are of the pressure vessel type, where all the nuclear fuel is contained in a strong vessel and not in a set of parallel pressure channels. 

Channel hydriding and embrittlement in pressure channel reactors, which may lead to channel replacement ... 

Source Duffey, R. et al.. Supercritical water-cooled pressure channel nuclear reactors Review and status, Proceedings of GLOBAL, Paper No. 020, Tsukuba, Japan, October 9-13,2005. With permission. 

Pressure channel material (multiple-choice menu carbon steel, stainless steel, manganese steel, Zircaloy, Zr+Nb(2.5%), N/A) 3 text... 

The following three characteristics concerning pressure channels apply only to CANDU, RBMK and few other reactors. For most reactors, data providers should enter "N/A". 

Number of pressure channels - the total number of pressure channels in the reactor. This characteristic is applicable to reactors where pressure channels are inside the reactor vessel to maintain the coolant under pressure and contain the nuclear fuel. Where applicable, a dimensionless number should be entered. 

Pressure channel wall thickness - the thickness of the pressure channel itself, not including another channels or tubes that may cover the pressure channel, as for example CANDU calandria channels. Where applicable, dimensions in millimetres should be entered. 

Active core heightdength - the vertical or horizontal (depending on the actual fuel orientation) dimension of the active part of the core, excluding stmctural components and supports. Most appropriately, the dimension should correspond approximately to the overall length of a fuel assembly rod from the top to the bottom. For pressure channel reactors (RBMK, CANDU) the total length of all fuel assemblies inserted in a pressure channel should be entered instead. Normally, the core height varies from 2 to 5 metres, but it may be also between 5 and 7 metres and some GCR (AGR) reactors have a core up to 8 metres high. Data providers should enter the actual value. 

Number of fissile fuel assemblies/bundles - for most reactors, the total number of fuel assemblies in the core. For RBMK and CANDU reactors this is the product of the number of pressure channels and the number of fuel assemblies per channel. For FBRs it is the number of fuel assemblies designed to maintain the fission chain reaction (heat and neutron production). 

Operating coolant pressure - the overall coolant pressure at which the reactor is operated, while critical. For pressurized water reactors, the operating pressure in the pressurizer should be entered. For other reactors, the coolant pressure at the reactor/pressure channel outlet should be entered. Data providers should enter the actual value in MPa (IMPa =10 bar = 10.19 kg/cm ). 

Reactor pressure vessel Modified to Reactor vessel/pressure channels (to include all reactor, which mnnot alwns include a gressure vessel... 

Number of channels Modified to Number of pressure channels ... 

Channel material Modified to Pressure channel material ... 

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