Preselection

The conceptual models prescribe the types of units needed, their functions, and evaluation criteria. During this step, a list of potential candidates for each type of units is compiled and candidates are evaluated according to the evaluation criteria. 

The purpose of the preselection step is to narrow the set of alternative configurations. The tasks of this step are (1) identification of potential supply chain units and (2) preselection of the most promising supply chain units. A data driven multicriteria evaluation method is used for the preselectimi. 

Information sharing Partners performance data are available but benchmarking basis might not be available Performance requirements can be identified from current performance data and compared to those supplied by partners 

Limited information sharing Preselection is based upon assumptions and indirect observations Indirect observations can be evaluated with regard to actual performance observations 

A number of methods are available for preselection. These include ranking and weighting, benchmarking, statistical analysis, data envelopment analysis, analytical hierarchy process, and several artificial intelligence-based methods. 

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Data sailing automatic data saving occurs after a user-preselectable time interval, typically 1 to 3 minutes. 

Taking into account that size and weight can change tremendously fi-om one object to the next, it is obvious that the CT- system had to be build in a very versatile but robust manner. For example heavy objects have to be moved very carefully, whereas small objects have to be measured as fast as possible and as accurate as possible. For that reason the turntable is equipped with an instrument, which limits the velocity, if the weight of the object is above a preselectable threshold. 

However, this procedure depends on the existence of the matrix G(R) (or of any pure gauge) that predicates the expansion in Eq. (90) for a full electronic set. Operationally, this means the preselection of a full electionic set in Eq. (129). When the preselection is only to a partial, truncated electronic set, then the relaxation to the truncated nuclear set in Eq. (128) will not be complete. Instead, the now tmncated set in Eq. (128) will be subject to a YM force F. It is not our concern to fully describe the dynamics of the truncated set under a YM field, except to say (as we have already done above) that it is the expression of the residual interaction of the electronic system on the nuclear motion. 

Fixed-product ion scans (sector instruments). High-voltage scan or linked scan at constant B /E. Both techniques give a spectrum of all precursor (parent) ions that fragment to yield a preselected product (daughter) ion. 

Constant neutral loss (or fixed neutral fragment) scans. The linked scan at constant B[1 -(E/Eg)] /E gives a spectrum of all product (daughter) ions that have been formed by loss of a preselected neutral fragment from any precursor (parent) ions. 

Fig. 1. The hthographic process. A substrate is coated with a photosensitive polymer film called a resist. A mask with transparent and opaque areas directs radiation to preselected regions of the resist film. Depending on resist characteristics, exposed or unexposed portions of the film are removed using a developer solvent. The resulting pattern is then transferred to the substrate surface and the resist is stripped.

The detection of a specific gas (10) is accompHshed by comparing the signal of the detector that is constrained to the preselected spectral band pass with a reference detector having all conditions the same except that its preselected spectral band is not affected by the presence of the gas to be detected. Possible interference by other gases must be taken into account. It may be necessary to have multiple channels or spectral discrimination over an extended Spectral region to make identification highly probable. Except for covert surveillance most detection scenarios are highly controlled and identification is not too difficult. 

Raw Gas Preconditioning In order to ensure the required destruction efficiency and continued biofilter life, the raw gas stream must be adjusted to a preselected range of particulate loading, temperature, and humidification before the gas can be safely introduced into the biofilter. 

Figure 22 gives his backup capacity data for his selection graph (Figure 23). It is easy to see why he preselects packing over trays for a flow parameter of less than 0.1 for example.

The depth profiling mode, by fiur the most common, is used to measure the concentrations of specific preselected elements as a function of depth from the... 

The imaging mode is used to determine the lateral distribution (xand ) of specific preselected elements. In certain circumstances, an imaging depth profile is acquired, combining the use of both depth profiling and imagii. ... 

A mass scan is acquired in cases when a survey of all impurities present in a volume of material is needed. Rather than measuring the secondary ion count rates of preselected elements as a fimction of sputtering time the count rates of all secondary ions are measured as a fimction of mass. Because a mass scan is continuously acquired over a mass range, no depth profiling or lateral information is available while operating in this mode. Figure 4 shows a mass scan acquired from a zirconia... 

Procedure A sharp-edged nozzle is positioned in the duct, facing into the moving gas stream, and a gas sample is extracted isokinetically (see later) for a measured period of time. To allow for nonuniformity of particulate concentration in the duct, samples are taken at preselected positions in the duct cross-section. The particulate concentration is calculated from the weighed particulate mass and the gas sample volume. Figure 13.39 shows the measuring arrangement. 

Perhaps the most substantial change to occur in shock-compression science technology since the 1960s is the widespread use of smooth bore guns to propel projectiles to preselected velocities and impact them upon samples... 

The piezoelectric behavior of both quartz and lithium niobate has been studied in a series of careful, systematic investigations. (See Graham and coworkers [65G01, 70101, 75G04].) The experimental arrangement is shown Fig. 4.2. The impactor, preferably the same material as the piezoelectric sample (but perhaps another standard material), is accelerated to a preselected... 

Although the experiments reported by Maurer et al. (1977) were performed for a completely different reason, namely, to study effects of vapor cloud explosions (see Section 6.4), fireballs were nevertheless generated. These experiments involved vessles of various sizes (0.226-1000 1) and containing propylene at 40 to 60 bar gauge pressure. The vessels were ruptured, and the released propylene was ignited after a preselected time lag. One of these tests, involving 452 kg of propylene, produced a fireball 45 m in diameter. 

Figure 4.6 The LMCS system incorporates a moveable cryogenic ti ap T through which the capillary column is passed. The modulator (M) can be a pneumatic or motor driven device that moves T up and down as required, according to either preselected times (for a selective mode) or at a fast constant period for GC X GC.

The standard injection molding machine used had a screw diameter of 30 mm and the aspect ratio of 23.70. The barrel temperature profile was 270, 280, 290, and 295°C. The mold temperature was about 90°C. The injection molded tensile samples were processed according to the CAMPUS specification (Computer Aided Materials Preselection by Uniform Standards) [24] and DIN 53455 Form 3. To obtain the different flow conditions, four groups of samples were injection molded by varying melt... 

This three-dimensional cutaway drawing illustrates the filtering operation of the QAF9 filter-bag pressure filter system, showing the flow patterns of unflltered liquid through a preselected micronrated felt filter bag which renders the desired quality of filtered product. 

Most steam turbines operate in the condensing (of steam on exhaust from turbine) mode or noncondensing or backpressure mode. (Steam is exhausted or extracted from the turbine at preselected exhaust pressure for other uses.) See Figures 14-17A-C, 14-18A, 14-18B, 14-19A, 14-19B, 14-20A, and 14-20B. 

CAMPUS uses a uniform database structure and uniform interface for all participating suppliers, with frequent updates of the property data. It allows preselection or screening of materials, suitable for specific applications, from a worldwide range of commercial plastics, while continuously being developed further with respect to its properties base. CAMPUS is based on two international standards for comparable data, that use meaningful properties based on unambiguous selection of specimen types... 

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