Preoptic area

Phytoestrogens have also been shown to have behavioural effects in rodents including increases in sexual activity (Patisaul et al, 2001) and a reversal of sex-specific behaviours (Lund et al, 2001 Flynn et al, 2000). In rodents, the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) is located in the hypothalamic region of the brain. This area of the brain controls... 

FABER K A, HUGHES c L JR. (1993) Dose-responsive characteristics of neonatal exposure to genistein on pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin releasing hormone and volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) in postpubertal castrated female rats. Reprod Toxicol. 1 35-9. 

Fig. 4.6(b) GnRH +ve neurones (relative density) in the brain dot = mammalian, circle = avian, forms. Parasagittal view of distribution in Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus) — from bulb to median eminence (ME), optic X (OC), cerebral aqueduct (Aq), and preoptic area (POA) (from Schwanzel-Fukuda and Pfaff, 1994). 

Gvilia, I., Turner, A., McGinty, D Szymusiak, R. (2006). Preoptic area neurons and the homeostatic regulation of rapid eye movement sleep. J. Neurosci. 26, 3037-44. 

Methippara, M., Alam, Md. N., Szymusiak, R McGinty, D. (2003). Preoptic area warming inhibits wake-active neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus. 

Methippara, M. M., Kumar, S., Alam, Md. N., Szymusiak, R., 8r McGinty, D. (2005). Effects on sleep of microdialysis of adenosine A1 and A2A receptor analogs into the lateral preoptic area of rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 289, 1715-23. 

Modirrousta, M., Mainville, L., Jones, B. E. (2004). GABAergic neurons with < 2-adrenergic receptors in basal forebrain and preoptic area express c-Fos during sleep. Neuroscience 129, 803 10. 

Schmidt, M Valatx, J.-L., Sakai, K., Fort, P., Jouvet, M. (2000). Role of the lateral preoptic area in sleep-related erectal mechanisms and sleep generation in the rat. J. Neurosci. 20, 6640-7. 

Steininger, T. L., Gong, H., McGinty, D., Szymusiak, R. (2001). Subregional organization of preoptic area/anterior hypothalamic projections to arousal-related monoaminergic cell groups. J. Comp. Neurol. 429, 638-53. 

Figure 2.4 Flip-flop switch model of wake and slow wave sleep active systems. Mutually inhibitory connections exist between GABAergic/Galaninergic slow wave sleep active neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) of the anterior hypothalamus and aminergic neurons in the hypothalamus (histamine (HA) neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN)) and brainstem (serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR) and noradrenaline (NA) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC)). Orexinergic neurons in the perifornical hypothalamus (PFH) stabilize the waking state via excitation of the waking side of the flip-flop switch (aminergic neurons).

GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and basal forebrain... 

Mallick, B. N. Alam, M. N. (1992). Different types of norepinephrinergic receptors are involved in preoptic area mediated independent modulation of sleep-wakefulness and body temperature. Brain Res. 591, 8-19. 

Saint-Mleux, B., Eggermann, E., Bisetti, A et al. (2004). Nicotinic enhancement of the noradrenergic inhibition of sleep-promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area. J. Neurosci. 24, 63-7. 

Table 7.1 Major dopaminergic modulatory systems of the brain. Abbreviations MPO, medial preoptic area.

Cornil C. A., Balthazart J., Motte P., Massotte L., Seutin V. (2002). Dopamine activates noradrenergic receptors in the preoptic area. J. Neurosci. 22(21), 9320-30. 

Azuma, S., Kodama, T., Honda, K. Inoue, S. (1996). State-dependent changes of extracellular glutamate in the medial preoptic area in freely behaving rats. Neurosci. Lett. 214, 179-82. 

Ferraro, L., Antonelh, T., TanganeUr, S. et al. (1999). The vigilance promoting drug modafinil increases extracellular glutamate levels in the medial preoptic area and the posterior hypothalamus of the conscious rat prevention by local GABAA receptor blockade. Neuropsychopharmacology 20, 346-56. 

Hypothalamus medial and lateral preoptic areas anterior, lateral, and posterior hypothalamic areas dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei tuberomammillary nucleus medial and lateral preoptic areas, lateral hypothalamic area, dorsomedial nucleus, complex of mammillary bodies... 

Ventrolateral and medial preoptic area (GABA and galanin)... 

Sleep-active neurons have been identified in the ventrolateral and medial preoptic areas. These neurons exhibit increased discharge during SWS and REMS rather than W. Sleep-active neurons colocalize GABA and are excited by adenosine and prostaglandin D2 (McGinty Szymusiak, 2001) (Table 9.3). 

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