Dorsomedial nucleus

Hypothalamus medial and lateral preoptic areas anterior, lateral, and posterior hypothalamic areas dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei tuberomammillary nucleus medial and lateral preoptic areas, lateral hypothalamic area, dorsomedial nucleus, complex of mammillary bodies... 

FIGURE 14-2 The histaminergic system of the rat brain. (A) Frontal sections through the posterior hypothalamus showing the location of histaminergic neurons. Arc, arcuate nucleus DM, dorsomedial nucleus LM, lateral mammillary nucleus MM, medial mammillary nucleus MR, mammillary recess PM, premammillary nucleus 3V, third ventricle VMH, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. (Modified with permission from reference [5].)... 

Data are subdivided into transcript, protein, and autoradiography findings. Arrows (ff) and line (-) indicate changes (increase, decrease, and no changes, respectively). For autoradiography studies, ligand and isotope used are indicated. DM dorsomedial nucleus V ventral nuclei... 

A variety of chemically-identified neurons within the ARC receive both indirect (extrinsic) and direct (intrinsic) enkephalinergic neuronal input (Magoul et al., 1993) suggesting a role for enkephalin in the neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary hormone secretion. Enkephalin-IR perikarya in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic nucleus, periventricular nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus all provide extrinsic input to the rostral ARC, whereas intrinsic enkephalin neurons connect the rostral and caudal portions of the ARC (Magoul et al., 1993). Enkephalin-IR neurons innervate TH-IR neurons (perikarya and dendrites) in the DM-ARC (but not in the VL-ARC), (5-endorphin neurons in the VL-ARC, and NPY neurons in the ventromedial ARC (Magoul et al., 1994). There are symmetrical synaptic connections between enkephalin axon terminals and POMC perikarya in the ARC (Zhang et al., 1987), and reciprocal synaptic associations with NPY neurons in the ventromedial ARC (Li et al., 1993). 

The ventral part of dorsomedial nucleus is marked by densely stained cell bodies and terminals in NADPH-diaphorase preparations (Paxinos et ai, in press [a]). 

Supraoptic nucleus Paraventricular nucleus Lateral hypothalamic area Suprachiasmatic nucleus Periventricular nucleus Arcuate nucleus Ventromedial nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus Posterior hypothalamic nucleus Premammillary nucleus Medial mammillary nucleus Lateral mammillary nucleus Supramammillary nucleus... 

Fig. 4. Schematic drawing of two different forebrain areas to show the presence of CBi receptors right side and leptin receptors (/efts/de).The structures are labelled as in Fig. 2. Note that there are sites such as the zona incerta, anterior hypothalamic area, ventromedial nucleus, and dorsomedial nucleus where both receptors are present. (Drawings concerning leptin were made using the data of Maruta et al. 1999)...

Narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, may be caused by the lack of hypocretin mRNA and peptides in humans (Peyron et al., 2000) or a disruption of the hypocretin receptor 2 or its ligand in dogs and mice (Lin et al., 1999 Chemelli et al., 1999). Hypocretin-containing neurons are located exclusively in the dorsomedial, lateral, and perifornical hypothalamic areas (Peyron et al., 1998). Two hypocretin sequences, Hcrt-1 (orexin-A) and Hcrt-2 (orexin-B), are generated from a single preprohypocretin (De Lecea et al., 1998 Peyron et al, 1998 Sakurai et al, 1998). Axons from these neurons are found in the hypothalamus, locus coeruleus (LC), raphe nuclei, tuberomamillary nucleus, midline thalamus, all levels of spinal cord, sympathetic and parasympathetic centers, and many other brain regions... 

The diffuse part of the TMN consists of a small group of neurons scattered within the lateral hypothalamic area, the posterior hypothalamic region, the perifornical area, the supramammillary nucleus, and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. 

LH), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ARC, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), anteroventral preoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamic area, suprachias-matic nucleus (SCN), anterolateral hypothalamic nucleus, and the tuberomam-millary nucleus (TMN) (Guan et al. 1997 Mitchell et al. 2001). In rats, hypothalamic ghrelin content displays diurnal rhythmicity and increases in response to sleep deprivation and feeding restriction (Bodosi et al. 2004). 

Kelsey, John E.,and Susan R. Arnold. 1994."Lesions of the Dorsomedial Amygdala, but Not the Nucleus Accumbens, Reduce the Aversiveness of Morphine Withdrawal in Rats." Behavioral Neuroscience 108 1119-27. 

In primates and in many nonprimate mammals, the striatum is divided by the internal capsule into the caudate nucleus, located dorsomedially, and the putamen, located ventrolaterally. In other mammalian species, including the rat and the mouse, the bundles of the internal capsule traverse the striatum in the form of a brush rather than a plate (Nauta, 1989), and the striatum cannot, therefore, be subdivided in two entities, so that it is often referred to as caudoputamen or caudate-putamen (CPu). 

Nowend KL, Arizzi M, Carlson BB, Salamone JD (2001) Dl or D2 antagonism in nucleus accumbens core or dorsomedial shell suppresses lever pressing for food but leads to compensatory increases in chow consumption. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 69 373—382. 

Fig. 2. Distribution of TH-IR neurons in the arcurate nucleus (ARC). (Left Panel) Low power image depicting the ARC and median eminence (ME) in relation to the third ventricle (3V). Dashed lines indicate inset shown in the right panel. (Right Panel) High power image depicting TH-IR perikarya in the dorsomedial (DM) and ventrolateral (VL) subdivisions of the ARC. TH-IR neurons in the DM-ARC and VL-ARC are separated by a TH-IR cell-free zone demarcated by a line extending laterally at an angle of 30° from the lateral aperature of the third ventricle (Meister et al., 1988).

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