Prawns

Since the MHLW designated shrimp/prawn and crab for mandatory labeling in June 2008 due to the almost unlimited use of crustacean in the processed foods in Japan and the status as a frequent cause of adverse food reactions in allergic patients, two ELISA methods for the determination of crustacean protein in processed foods have been developed (Seiki et al, 2007 Shibahara et al., 2007) EA test EIA-Crustacean [Nissui] produced by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Crustacean Kit [Maruha ] produced by Maruha Nichiro Eoods, Inc. Both kits have been validated according to the Japanese validation protocol (Sakai et al., 2008) and are commercially available. All the commercial ELISA kits are shown in Table 4.9. 

Since the MHLW designated shrimp/prawn and crab for mandatory labeling in June 2008, respective PCR methods to discriminate between shrimp/prawn and crabs in processed foods have been developed. 

TABLE 4.19 Recovery, repeatability, and reproducibility for shrimp/prawn detection"... 

To confirm the validity of DNA extracted from plants for PCR and for specific detection of shiimp/prawn. 

McDonald P, Baxter MS, Fowler SW. 1993. Distribution of radionuclides in mussels, winkles and prawns. Part 2. Study of organisms under laboratory conditions using alpha-autoradiography. J Environ Radioact 18 203-228. 

Temporary decrease in hemolymph glucose levels in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lamarrei surviving 1840 pg/L Cr+6 for 96 h (Murti et al. 1983)... 

Murti, R., O. Omkar, and G.S. Shukla. 1983. Chromium toxicity to a freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lamarrei (H.M. Edwards). Toxicol. Lett. 18 257-261. 

Freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rude LC50-LC84 63, 75... 

Mukhopadhyay, M.P., B.B. Ghosh, and M.M. Bagchi. 1994. Toxicity of heavy metals to fish, prawn and fish food organisms of Hooghly estuarine system. Geobios 21 13-17. 

Natarajan, E., R.S. Biradar, and J.P. George. 1992. Acute toxicity of pesticides to giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man). Jour. Aquacult. Tropics 7 183-188. 

McClurg, T.P 1984. Effects of fluoride, cadmium and mercury on the estuarine prawn Penaeus indicus. Water SA 10 40-45. 

Half-time persistence of zinc in the prawn (Palaemon elegans) is about 17 days (Nugegoda and Rainbow 1988b), and between 30 and 270 days for five other crustacean species (NAS 1979). Differences in half-time persistence are finked to differences in excretion rates of ionic zinc and complexed zinc. In general, ionic zinc in crustaceans is excreted first, then complexed zinc surface-adsorbed zinc is turned over faster than internally adsorbed zinc molting accounts for 33 to 50% loss of the total body burden in crabs (Eisler 1981). 

Devineau, J. and C. Amiard Triquet 1985. Patterns of bioaccumulation of an essential trace element (zinc) and a pollutant metal (cadmium) in larvae of the prawn Palaemon serratus. Mar. Biol. 86 139-143. Dib, A., J.P Clavel, and J.P. Carreau. 1989. Effects of gamma-linolenic acid supplementation on lipid composition of liver microsomal membranes. I. Pregnant rats fed a zinc-deficient diet and those fed a balanced one. Jour. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 6 95-102. 

Nugegoda, D. and P.S. Rainbow. 1988b. Zinc uptake and regulation by the sublittoral prawn Pandalus montagui (crustacea decapoda). Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 26 619-632. 

Patel, H.S. and M.B. Kaliwal. 1989. Histopathological effects of zinc on the gills of prawn Macrobrachium hendersodyanum. Zeit. Ange. Zool. 76 505-509. 

---