Power fermenter

Each equation is independent of impeller type. As pointed out eadier, the absolute kpi values vary considerably from Hquid to Hquid. However, similar relationships have been found for other fluids, including fermentation broths, and also for hold-up, 8. Therefore, loss of power reduces the abiHty of the Rushton turbines to transfer oxygen from the air to the broth. 

The common indices of the physical environment are temperature, pressure, shaft power input, impeller speed, foam level, gas flow rate, liquid feed rates, broth viscosity, turbidity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and exit gas concentrations. A wide variety of chemical assays can be performed product concentration, nutrient concentration, and product precursor concentration are important. Indices of respiration were mentioned with regard to oxygen transfer and are particularly useful in tracking fermentation behavior. Computer control schemes for fermentation can focus on high productiv-... 

The ehemostat is an arrangement for eontinuous fermentation in whieh the properties of the system are regulated by a eontrolled supply of some limiting nutrient. It is a powerful researeh tool in mierobial physiology and for evaluating proeess parameters. The ehemostat... 

Garungs-vermdgen, n. fermentative power, -vorgang, m. fermentation process. 

Agitation of fermentation broth creates a uniform distribution of ah in the media. Once you mix a solution, you exert an energy into the system. Increasing power input reduces the bubble size and this in turn increases the interfacial area. Therefore the mass transfer coefficient would be a function of power input per unit volume of fermentation broth, which is also affected by the gas superficial velocity.2,3 The general correlation is expected to be as follows ... 

Based on the practical history of scale-up, most fermentation processes for alcohol and organic acid production have followed the concepts of geometric similarity and constant power per unit volume. From the above concept, and as a strong basis for translation of process criteria, only physical properties of the process were considered in the scale-up calculation. For power consumption in an agitated vessel, there is a fixed relation between impeller speed, N, and impeller diameter, l)t. The constant power per unit volume, for a mechanical agitated vessel is given by ... 

The power per unit volume is constant. From power consumptions in a bench-scale bioreactor, the necessary agitation rate is calculated for the scale up ratio, using Equation (13.2.1). The choice of criterion is dependent on what type of fermentation process has been studied. The following equation expresses relations for the impeller size and agitation rate in small and large bioreactors. 

The bioreactor will be scaled up by a factor of 125. It is necessary to discuss the effect of operating variables resulting from constant power per unit volume, agitation rate, and speed tip velocity, NRe. The data for a small-scale bioreactor are a 100 litres fermenter with 187.5 rpm and... 

Calculate mass transfer, gas hold up, gassed and ungassed power for the fermenter with the given data ... 

Tlie power for the fermentation vessel was projected by the following general equation... 

Unfortunately, relatively little information has been made available for industrial gas-liquid contactors. Further data from industry could permit significant tests of the reliability of the present correlations and their applicability to scale-up. Steel and Maxon (SI 1) reported on the power requirements during novobiacin fermentation in 20- and 250-liter pilot-plant vessels and in 12,000- and 24,000-gal vessels. The comparative data are difficult to evaluate because of changes that occurred in viscosity and gas retention during the course of the fermentation. In addition, geometric similarity did not prevail... 

Marigold petals are rich sources of xanthophyUs, mainly lutein esters. To increase the coloring power, chemical extraction of the colorant from flower meal is performed or a new enzymatic procedure is applied. It was shown that treatment with cellulases or mixed saprophyte microorganisms or solid state fermentation improved the xanthophyll extraction yield. ... 

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