Power, definitions costs

The relative installation costs of a sponge rubber ball system and simple chlorination and chlorination with dechlorination for different power stations are illustrated in Fig. 16.6. Dechlorination may be increasingly required where there are enwronmental problems associated with discharge. The cost data are historial but the general relationship is likely to hold with today s prices. Sponge rubber ball systems are more expensive than chlorination installations for all plant sizes, but there is a definite cost advantage when dechlorination is required. 

Powerful low cost or freeware solutions will appear for a more intensive use of product data. Special solutions for ultra-light weight descriptions under JT definitions are on the way to be established. 

The ideal scenario would be to have the power of a traditional IR analyzer but with the cost and simplicity of a simple filter device, or even better to reduce the size down to that of a sensor (such as the spectral detector mentioned earlier) or a simple handheld device. This is not far-fetched, and with technologies emerging from the telecommunications industry, the life science industry and even nanotechnology, there can be a transition into analyzer opportunities for the future. There is definitely room for a paradigm shift, with the understanding that if an analyzer becomes simpler and less expensive to implement then the role of analyzers/sensor can expand dramatically. With part of this comes the phrase good enough is OK - there is no need for the ultimate in versatility or sophistication. Bottom line is that even in process instrumentation, simple is beautiful. 

Service Facilities For a process plant, utihty services such as steam, water, electric power, fuel, compressed air, shop facilities, and a cafeteria require capital ejq)enditures. The cost of these facihties lumped together may be 10 to 20 percent of the fixed capital investment for a preliminary estimate. Note Buildings, yards, and service facihties must oe well defined to obtain a definitive or detailed estimate.)... 

Power factor is included in the discussion of power quality for several reasons. Power factor is a power quality issue in that low power factor can sometimes cause equipment to fail. In many instances, the cost of low power factor can be high utilities penalize facilities that have low power factor because they find it difficult to meet the resulting demands for electrical energy. The study of power quality is about optimizing the performance of the power system at the lowest possible operating cost. Power factor is definitely an issue that qualifies on both counts. 

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