Pouches, construction

Fig. 8.8 The flat plate/polymer cells may use a polymer pouch construction with an aluminum barrier layer. An auxiliary chamber may be used to contain the gases generated during formation. After formation the auxtiiary chamber is penetrated with a needle and any gas formed during formation is evacuated. The opening between the two chambers is then sealed...

Jacobson et al. (1966, 1967) studied gastric secretion in relation to mucosal blood flow by an antipyrine clearance technique in conscious dogs with vagally denervated gastric fundic (Heidenhain) pouches. A vagally denervated fundic pouch is so constructed that the entire arterial blood supply is delivered by the splenic artery. A non-cannulating transducer (electromagnetic flowmeter) and a hydraulic occluder were implanted on the vessel. 

The pathophysiology and clinical setting of the blind-loop syndrome have been reviewed recently by Donaldson (30). It is clear that a resident bacterial flora in the proximal small intestine has a major role in the development of the absorptive and luminal defects which have been observed repeatedly in these patients (20,31-35), who have a variety of basic illness, and in experimental animals (31,36) in which an antiperistaltic pouch has been constructed either in the proximal or middle jejunum. However, the presence and extent of the absorptive defects, i.e., vitamin B12, folate, xylose, and lipid, as well as the extent of luminal metabolic alteration of bile salts have varied in individual patients. This variability is probably related to... 

As a result, it does not need outside pressure to hold the electrodes in contact with each other. A light-weight polymer-aluminum laminate pouch can substitute for a heavier metal cell enclosure. All three constructions anploy the same chemistries. 

More recently in the United States, Campbell Soup Co. has successfully launched a new line of microwaveable, ready-to-eat plastic cans. These cans are constructed from a molded thermoplastic can body (polypropylene, high density polyethylene) and an easy-open-end (EOE) of coated metal. In addition, flexible pouches have made inroad as an alternative for metal cans in certain markets such as packaged tuna fish. 

These polymers are selected for the specific performance that they provide, and are combined in the final package design to meet all the requirements for the specific application in which they are being used. Often there are many different combinations of materials or film constructions that will meet the minimum performance requirements of an application. In these cases selection of the final packaging structure may be based on considerations such as availability from multiple suppliers and ability to provide differentiation over competitive packaging. For example a combination of a box and an inner liner may be used or a stand-up pouch may be used, each combination providing the minimum requirements for product protection and safety. One manufacturer may select to use a box and inner liner and other manufacturers may elect to package their product in a stand-up pouch for the same product. Or one manufacturer may choose to use a stand-up pouch and another manufacturer may choose to use a pillow pouch for the same product. 

Juice from a gastric fistula may be contaminated with food, saliva, or intestinal contents. This difficulty was first avoided by Rudolf Klemensiewicz of Graz, who in 1875 accomplished the difficult feat of constructing a pouch of the gastric antrum." He found the succus pyloricus to be alkaline, viscous, and perhaps pep-... 

Grossman constructed an extrinsically denervated pouch and fitted it with a watertight cannula. He filled the pouch by gravity with a solution of isotonic saline that he removed and replaced every 15 minutes. Titration of the fluid showed that distention alone caused the pouch to secrete a little acid and that the amount of... 

Rudolf Heidenhain wrote that Rudolf Klemensiewicz of Graz had had the brilliant idea to isolate a portion of the pyloric part of the stomach in the manner Thiry had used for the intestine (Fig. 4-4). Thus stimulated, Heidenhain himself constructed a pouch of the acid-secreting portion of the stomach." ... 

Figure 4-5. Pavlov s method of constructing a vagally innervated pouch of a dog s stomach. (From Khigine PP. Activite secretoire de I estomac. Arch Soc Biol St Peters-bourg 3 461-525, 1895.)...

Sven Andersson and Morton Grossman attacked the problem in dogs by constructing vagally innervated Pavlov pouches in three animals and then determining... 

Lester Dragstedt s students performed even more drastic operations on dogs in order to eliminate nerves responsible for the assumed local reflex when they constructed hybrid antral pouches consisting of antral mucosa from which the antral muscle had been stripped and surrounding it with muscle derived from the transverse colon. Distention of such a hybrid pouch did not release gastrin, but it did release gastrin when irrigated with liver extract or with a solution of acetylcholine. ... 

Construction of the Pavlov pouch is described in Khigine P. Activite secretoire de I estomac du chien. Arch Soc Biol St Petersbourg 3 461-525, 1895. Pavlov was generous in allowing his pupils to publish alone, but the technique of constructing the pouch has always been attributed to Pavlov himself. 

Gregory RA. Secretory Mechanisms of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract. London, Edward Arnold, 1952, p 5. See pp 1-16 for a critical discussion of construction and innervation of gastric pouches. 

Sec color insert.) Pouch cell design for solid electrolyte lithium polymer battery. Design is easily adaptable to ECs made with organic electrolyte. Source ElectropecUa Cell Construction (online). http //wwwjnpoweruk.com/ceU construction.htm [accessed AprU 5, 2012]. With permission.)... 

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