Pavlov pouches

Furthermore, Hood et al. (H42) investigated the possible source of a gastric inhibitory factor in canine gastric juice. They found that it was derived from the antral mucosa. When Pavlov pouches were denervated by section of the vagal nerve, the inhibitory activity of these juices was greatly reduced. 

When I examined the effect of thiocyanate on secretion by Pavlov pouches in two dogs and in a dog whose gastric secretion was sampled by stomach tube, I found that as the concentration of thiocyanate in the juice increased, the concentration of free acid, of total acid, and of chloride decreased. 

Figure 3-9. Boris Babkin s determination of the effect of introduction of 1% acetic acid (H Ac) into the main stomach of a dog upon the secretory response of the dog s Pavlov pouch to sham feeding. (From Babkin BP, Hebb CO, Krueger L. Changes in the secretory activity of gastric glands resulting from the application of acetic acid solutions to the gastric mucosa. Q / Exp Physiol 31 63-77, 1941.)...

Figure 4-1. Volume (Menge), acidity (Aziditat), and egg white digestion (Eiweissver-dauung) of gastric juice secreted by a dog s Pavlov pouch in response to sham feeding. Each vertical line marks a 5-minute interval. At X the dog was shown a cat. (From Bickel A. Experimentelle Untersuchungen uber den Einfluss von Affekten auf die Magensaftsekretion. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 3 829- 83, 1905.)...

Heidenhain s pouch retains intrinsic and sympathetic innervation, but because the pouch is thought to be deprived of its vagal innervation, Pavlov, assisted by P. P. Khizhin, devised the vagally innervated Pavlov pouch (Fig. 4-5). The definitive description of the operation was published under the student s name, transliterated into French as Khigine, alone. ... 

Long ago Sokolov, (1904...), working in Pavlov s laboratory, discovered that in the dog the introduction of 0.5 per cent HCl or of gastric juice into. .. the duodenum markedly diminished the secretion from the Pavlov pouch. ... 

In 1905 a 20-year old patient, Josephine F., came to the surgical clinic in Lyon bearing a Pavlov pouch she had had since the first year of her life. A gastric hernia had strangled and then opened to the skin of the abdominal wall (Fig. 4-7). Andre Cade and Andre Laterjet, gastroenterologists and surgeons, removed the pouch, but before doing so they found that secretion by the pouch increased rapidly after the... 

Figure 4-7. Drawing made of the Pavlov pouch of josefine F. resulting from strangulation of a gastric hernia in the first year of her life. (From Cade A, Laterjet A. Realisation pathologique du petit estomac de Pavlov. I Physiol Paris 7 221-233, 1905.)...

Immediately after Popielski s discovery became known, Ernst Rothlin of Zurich began a series of experiments comparing the effects of subcutaneous injections of histamine with the response of a dog s Pavlov pouch to a meal. In a few instances, as for example on 3 April 1920, Rothlin found that the concentration of pepsin in juice, as measured by the Mett method, was as high in two samples obtained after histamine stimulation as in three samples obtained after the dog had eaten. Nevertheless, Rothlin concluded that histamine is a less potent stimulus of pepsin than of acid secretion. ... 

Sven Andersson and Morton Grossman attacked the problem in dogs by constructing vagally innervated Pavlov pouches in three animals and then determining... 

Figure 5-11. A Relationship between the output of histamine in gastric juice and the volume of gastric juice secreted by Pavlov pouches of dogs during successive half-hour periods after a meal of meat. B Relationship between output of histamine and output of acid secreted by Pavlov pouches of dogs in successive half-hour periods after a meal of meat. (From Code CF, Histamine and gastric secretion, in Wolsten-holme GEW, O Connor CM, eds Histamine. London Ciba Foundation, 1956. Reproduced by permission of the Ciba Foundation.)...

At the time the report of Edkins s work reached Russia, Pavlov was putting his students to work on chemical control of gastric secretion. Pavlov habitually performed the operations in his institute, and early in 1906 he did three successive operations on one dog. In the first operation Pavlov made a Pavlov pouch and a gastric fistula, and in the second he added a duodenal fistula. In the third operation... 

In 1957 Dragstedt and his students dotted the / of the explanation of feedback control of acid secretion described by Pavlov when they prepared a dog with a Pavlov pouch and an antrum excluded from the rest of the digestive tract but still vagally innervated. When the dog was fed 200 g of horsemeat, the pouch secreted at a high rate for 5 hours because acid could not reach the pouch to cut off vagally stimulated release of gastrin. ... 

A dog with a Pavlov pouch was said to have been fed isocaloric meals, each containing 300 kcal. Source Babkin BP. The digestive work of the stomach. Physiol Rev 8 392, 1928. 

Figure 9-4. Acid secretory equivalent of 29 common foods in relation to their protein content. The total acid secreted by a dog s Pavlov pouch in response to a 100-kcal meal of any of the 29 foods was divided by the total acid secreted by the same dog s pouch in response to a 100-kcal meal of boiled ground beef. The quotient, multiplied by 100, is the acid secretory equivalent for 100 kcal of that particular food. The foods used ranged from canned peaches, containing the least protein per 100 kcal, to haddock, with the most protein per 100 kcal. (Adapted from St Hilaire S, Lavers MK, Ken-nedey J, et al. Gastric secretory value of different foods. Gastroenterology 39 1-11, 1960.)...

Construction of the Pavlov pouch is described in Khigine P. Activite secretoire de I estomac du chien. Arch Soc Biol St Petersbourg 3 461-525, 1895. Pavlov was generous in allowing his pupils to publish alone, but the technique of constructing the pouch has always been attributed to Pavlov himself. 

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