Potentials and Applications

Most of the developments in cemented borides aim at the high wear resistance due to the superior hardness compared to carbide-based hard metals. One of the most important applications are, therefore, the cutting tools where cemented boride have to compete with tungsten carbide, titanium carbonitride, and ceramic materials as well. 

A test program to evaluate the potential of TiB2 cermets as a cutting tool material was thus initiated by the European Community and many companies between 1990 

Tool material Hardness HV 10 Fracture toughness [MPa m] Young s modulus [GPa] 

The following issues must be considered in a discussion of the cutting results  

In conclusion, TiB2 is an excellent hard compound for continuous cutting operations already matching or surpassing conventional tool materials in applications where limited temperature loads evolve. Specifically, ferritic binders perform well in the cutting of cast A1 alloys and cast iron. TiB2 austenite cermets do show potential for the cutting of steel, but as yet they cannot match the exceptional performance of Ti(C,N) cermets. 

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Stance, T, Balsalobre, C., Boulon, P., Provence, M., PAMIR - a market survey on Potential and Applications of MIcroReaction technology, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Microreaction Technology, IMRET 6, pp. 135-138 (11-14 March 2002),... 

K., Hessel, V., PAMIR Potential and applications of microreaction technology -a market survey, IMM Institut ftir Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH and Yole Developpement Lyon (2002). 

Carbon nanotubes comprise a very promising material for various applications and especially as an active component in composites and hybrids as will be documented in the other chapters of this book. Harnessing these nanoscopic assets in a macroscopic material would maximize CNTs potential and applicability. The choice of synthesis technique and purification method, which define size, type, properties, quality and purity of CNTs as well as their processability, is crucial for their implementation into composites and hybrids. 

Johnson, D.V. and Griengl, H., Chiral cyanohydrins their formation synthetic potential and application. Chim. Oggi-Chem. Today, 1997, IS, 9-13. 

As discussed at the end of Chapter 3, one group orbital of a methyl or methylene group will always have the correct nodal characteristics to interact with an adjacent n orbital or with an adjacent spn orbital in fashion. The degree of interaction may be inferred from the energies of the orbitals, which may in turn be obtained by measurements of ionization potentials and application of Koopmans theorem. Thus, the methyl groups adjacent to the n bond in (Z)-2-butene (ionization potential IP = 9.12 eY [63]) raise the energy of the n orbital by 1.39 eV relative to that of ethylene (IP = 10.51 eV [87]). A similar effect is observed in cyclohexene [64]. 

In this chapter, we will outline the application of organocatalysis for the enantio-selective a-heteroatom functionalization of mainly aldehydes and ketones. Attention will be focused on enantioselective animation-, oxygenation-, fluorination-, chlorination-, bromination-, and sulfenylation reactions catalyzed by chiral amines. The scope, potential and application of these organocatalytic asymmetric reactions will be presented as the optically active products obtained are of significant importance, for example in the life-science industries. 

Momany FA, Carruthers LM, McGuire RF, Scheraga HA (1974) Interatomic potentials from crystal data. III. Determination of empirical potentials and application to the packing con-... 

H. A. Scherage, "Intermolecular Potentials from Crystal Data III. Determination of Empirical Potentials and Application to the Packing Configurations and Lattice Energies in Crystals of Hydrocarbons, Carboxylic Acids, Amines, and Amides," Jour. Phys. Chem., 78(16), 1595 (1974). 

Marshall, G., Wolcott, D., and Olson, D. (2003). Zone fluidics in flow analysis potentialities and applications. Anal. Chim. Acta 499, 29-40. 

KE Eriksson. Microbial delignification Basics, potentials and applications. FFMS Symp 43 285-302, 1988. 

During the fast passage of the sample through the analytical path, some processes inherent to the specific analytical method may not reach completion, and this feature makes it easier to exploit partial yet reproducible development of chemical reactions, monitor unstable chemical species, and implement catalytic methods of analysis. The favourable characteristics of flow-based methods that do not require chemical equilibrium to be reached have often been emphasised, and can be exploited to expand the potential and application range of analytical procedures. 

Molecular imprints as sorbents for solid phase extraction potential and applications... 

Valenta P (1988) Potentialities and applications of voltammetry in the determination of ecotoxic trace metals in natural waters, body fluids and food. GIT Fachz Lab 32 312-317. 

Which development potentialities and application possibilities will ETFE-foil constructions offer for civil engineering and architecture in future Are the large ETFE-foU projects of recent years, like the ETFE-foil cushions of the Alhanz Arena in Munich or the bubble structure of the Water Cube in Beijing, only impressive examples of a current architectural philosophy Or can the foil projects of the last few years be viewed as development steps towards the establishment of these construction methods within architecture ... 

Marshall G, Wolcott D, and Olson D (2003) Zone fluidics in flow analysis Potentialities and applications. Analy-tica Chimica Acta 499 29-40. 

Leao AL, Tan IH, Caraschi JC (1998) Curaua fiber - a tropical natural fiber from Amazon -potential and applications in composites. In Proceedings of the intemacional conference on... 

Schlimbach, J., Presentation on Quickstep - Potentials and applications , Materialica exhibitor s forum, 16-18 October 2007, Munich, Germany. 

W. Niirnberg and P. Valenta, Potentialities and applications of voltammetry in chemical speciations of trace metals in the sea, in "Trace Metals in Sea Water," C. S. Wong, E. Boyle, K. W. 

W. Nuraberg, Potentialities and applications of voltammetry in the analysis of toxic trace metals in body fluids, 1 "Analytical Techniques for Heavy Metals in Biological Fluids," S. Facchetti, ed., p.209, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1983). 

Since its discovery in the 1960s, the Pd-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation reaction has been widely studied and belongs to a category of old reactions. As we described in the present section, the development of the palladium-alkyl nitrite system widely extended its potential and applications. 

The book is intended for people who have heard about fuel cells but ignore the detailed potential and applications of fuel cells, and wish to obtain the information they need (as engineers in civil, industrial, and military jobs, R D people of diverse profile, investors, decision makers in government, industry, trade, and all levels of administration, journalists, school and university teachers, students, and hobby scientists). It is also intended for people in industry and research who in their professional work are concerned with different special aspects of the... 

Horstkotte B, Cerda V. Coupling of flow techniques with capillary electrophoresis review of operation principles, challenges, potentials, and applications. J Chromatogr Sci 2009 47 636-647. 

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