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Potassium toxicity

Life-threatening reactions to drugs, such as fluid overload or potassium toxicity, are more than three times as frequent as anaphylaxis (Jick et al. 1970). Death... [Pg.76]

Definition Potassium salt of ascorbic acid Toxicology Acute and potentially fatal potassium toxicity (hyperkalemia) may occur at 18 g potassium/day in adults contraindicated for those with renal insufficiency Storage Moisture-sensitive Uses Antioxidant in foods potassium and Vitamin C source buffer and stabilizer in folic acid preps. [Pg.3620]

The most commonly used Hquid metal is sodium—potassium eutectic. Sodium, potassium, bismuth, lithium, and other sodium—potassium alloys also are used. Mercury, lead, and lead—bismuth eutectic have also been used however, these are all highly toxic and appHcation has thus been restricted. [Pg.505]

Hexa.cya.no Complexes. Ferrocyanide [13408-63 ] (hexakiscyanoferrate-(4—)), (Fe(CN) ) , is formed by reaction of iron(II) salts with excess aqueous cyanide. The reaction results in the release of 360 kJ/mol (86 kcal/mol) of heat. The thermodynamic stabiUty of the anion accounts for the success of the original method of synthesis, fusing nitrogenous animal residues (blood, horn, hides, etc) with iron and potassium carbonate. Chemical or electrolytic oxidation of the complex ion affords ferricyanide [13408-62-3] (hexakiscyanoferrate(3—)), [Fe(CN)g] , which has a formation constant that is larger by a factor of 10. However, hexakiscyanoferrate(3—) caimot be prepared by direct reaction of iron(III) and cyanide because significant amounts of iron(III) hydroxide also form. Hexacyanoferrate(4—) is quite inert and is nontoxic. In contrast, hexacyanoferrate(3—) is toxic because it is more labile and cyanide dissociates readily. Both complexes Hberate HCN upon addition of acids. [Pg.434]

Permanganic Acid, Potassium Salt, Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, RTECS Number SD6475000, May 1993. [Pg.531]

Because small children may suck on matches, the question of toxicity is often raised and the lingering, vague, though unwarranted idea of phosphoms poisoning may cause concern to laymen and even to physicians. Potassium chlorate is the only active material that can be extracted in more than traces from a match head and only 9 mg are contained in one head. This, even multiphed by the content of a whole book, is far below any toxic amount (19) for even a small child. No poisonous properties whatsoever can be imputed to the striking strip. SAW matches are similarly harmless but, because of their easy flammabihty, they should be entirely kept out of a household with smaller children. The same warning may apply to all wooden matches. [Pg.3]

No toxicological studies have been reported on the triple salt. However, because of the common confusion of this compound with potassium hydrogen monoperoxosulfate monohydrate, it is possible that the pubHshed descriptions of the toxic properties of this latter compound actually refer to the triple salt. If this is so, then the triple salt must be regarded as toxic and irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (2). [Pg.95]

Potassium hydrogen monoperoxosulfate monohydrate [14696-73-2] KHSO 20, related to the triple salt, is not made commercially. The crystal stmcture has been determined and some features of its Raman and ir spectra recorded (69). This compound is more stable under x-rays than the triple salt. The 0—0 distance is 0.1460 nm. The dihedral angle of the 0—0 moiety is about 90°, similar to that ia soHd hydrogea peroxide. This compouad is reported as toxic and irritating to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes (2). Although undoubtedly correct, this description probably better relates to the triple salt. [Pg.95]

Manufacture, Shipment, and Analysis. In the United States, sodium and potassium thiocyanates are made by adding caustic soda or potash to ammonium thiocyanate, followed by evaporation of the ammonia and water. The products are sold either as 50—55 wt % aqueous solutions, in the case of sodium thiocyanate, or as the crystalline soHds with one grade containing 5 wt % water and a higher assay grade containing a maximum of 2 wt % water. In Europe, the thiocyanates may be made by direct sulfurization of the corresponding cyanide. The acute LD q (rat, oral) of sodium thiocyanate is 764 mg/kg, accompanied by convulsions and respiratory failure LD q (mouse, oral) is 362 mg/kg. The lowest pubhshed toxic dose for potassium thiocyanate is 80—428 mg/kg, with hallucinations, convulsions, or muscular weakness. The acute LD q (rat, oral) for potassium thiocyanate is 854 mg/kg, with convulsions and respiratory failure. [Pg.152]

Table 3. Example of the Influence of Route on the Acute Toxicity of Potassium Cyanide to the Rabbit (Female)... Table 3. Example of the Influence of Route on the Acute Toxicity of Potassium Cyanide to the Rabbit (Female)...
Antimony potassium tartrate (tartar emetic) has the advantage of being low in cost. It has been called the dmg of choice for Schistosoma japonicum infection (204) even though it fails to cure the disease in many patients. However, trivalent antimonials are no longer recommended for the treatment of helminthic infections because these compounds have an unacceptable toxicity and are too difficult to administer (205). [Pg.211]

Antimony compounds have been used to treat leishmaniasis ever since tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate) was discovered early in the 20th century to have efficacy against the mucocutaneous form of the disease. The cutaneous form has been treated with tartar emetic formulated in an ointment. Many side effects have been seen with this trivalent antimonial, some of which can be ascribed to the difficulty of obtaining pure antimony for its manufacture. These side effects include toxicity to the heart, Hver, and kidneys. Other promising trivalent antimonials have been abandoned in favor of pentavalent antimonials with lower toxicity. [Pg.269]

Melarsonyl potassium (Mel W, Trimelarsen) [13355-00-5] is a thioarsenite closely related to melarsoprol, and it also has been used for the treatment of trypanosomiasis (172). However, it appears to be more toxic and less effective than melarsoprol. The only advantage of melarsonyl potassium is that it is water-soluble and can be adrninistered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. This property is useful when the intravenous route caimot be employed. [Pg.340]

The cesium ion is more toxic than the sodium ion but less toxic than the potassium, lithium, or mbidium ion. No TLV is stated for cesium or cesium chloride the TLV for cesium hydroxide is 2 mg/m. The oral LD q of cesium chloride for mice is 2300 mg/kg, and for cesium fluoride is 400—700 mg/kg (39). [Pg.377]

The primary routes of entry for animal exposure to chromium compounds are inhalation, ingestion, and, for hexavalent compounds, skin penetration. This last route is more important in industrial exposures. Most hexavalent chromium compounds are readily absorbed, are more soluble than trivalent chromium in the pH range 5 to 7, and react with cell membranes. Although hexavalent compounds are more toxic than those of Cr(III), an overexposure to compounds of either oxidation state may lead to inflammation and irritation of the eyes, skin, and the mucous membranes associated with the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Skin ulcers and perforations of nasal septa have been observed in some industrial workers after prolonged exposure to certain hexavalent chromium compounds (108—110), ie, to chromic acid mist or sodium and potassium dichromate. [Pg.141]

Ammonium cyanide may be prepared in solution by passing hydrogen cyanide into aqueous ammonia at low temperatures. It may also be prepared from barium cyanide and ammonium sulfate, or calcium cyanide with ammonium carbonate. It may be prepared in the dry state by gentiy heating a mixture of potassium cyanide or ferrocyanide and ammonium chloride, and condensing the vapor in a cooled receiver. Ammonium cyanide is soluble in water or alcohol. The vapor above soHd NH CN contains free NH and HCN, a very toxic mixture. [Pg.386]

Hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid) is a liquid with a boiling point of 26°C. Its vapour is flammable and extremely toxic. The effects of acute exposure are given in Table 5.34. This material is a basic building block for the manufacture of a range of chemical products such as sodium, iron or potassium cyanide, methyl methacrylate, adiponitrile, triazines, chelates. [Pg.126]

Direct hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas in a fuel oil gasification plant to a combustion unit to prevent its release. 4. Consider using purge gases from the synthesis process to fire the reformer strip condensates to reduce ammonia and methanol. 5. Use carbon dioxide removal processes that do not release toxics to the environment. When monoethanolamine (MEA) or other processes, such as hot potassium carbonate, are used in carbon dioxide removal, proper operation and maintenance procedures should be followed to minimize releases to the environment. [Pg.68]


See other pages where Potassium toxicity is mentioned: [Pg.535]    [Pg.537]    [Pg.251]    [Pg.872]    [Pg.535]    [Pg.537]    [Pg.251]    [Pg.872]    [Pg.215]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.935]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.210]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.349]    [Pg.381]    [Pg.528]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.530]    [Pg.315]    [Pg.280]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.200]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.367]    [Pg.483]    [Pg.295]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.535]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.491]    [Pg.519]    [Pg.887]    [Pg.1540]    [Pg.175]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.539 , Pg.541 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.226 ]




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