Hydroxides cesium

Cesium, gallium, and mercury are the only three metals that are liquid at room temperature. Cesium reacts explosively with cold water, and reacts with ice at temperatures above -116C. Cesium hydroxide, the strongest base known, attacks glass. 

Magnesium is used to obtain cesium metal from cesium hydroxide [21351 -79-17, Cs(OH), cesium carbonate [534-17-8J, or cesium... 

Cesium perchlorate [13454-84-7], CsClO, mol wt 232.35 and theoretical cesium content hi.25/q, is a crystalline powder that decomposes at 250°C Cesium fluoride [13400-13-0], CsF, mol wt 151.90, theoretical cesium content 87.49%, has a melting point of 682—703°C and a boiling point of 1253°C. Cesium fluoride is an extremely hygroscopic, colorless, crystalline soUd it has a solubUity of 3.665 kg/L of water at 18°C. Cesium fluoride is made by exactly neutrali2ing cesium hydroxide with hydrofluoric acid and evaporating the resultant solution to dryness at 400°C. Excess HE results in a bifluoride salt that does not decompose at 400°C, and carbonate in the starting material gives an alkaline product. 

Cesium hydroxide monohydrate [35103-79-8] CsOH H2O, mol wt 167.93, theoretical cesium content 79.14 wt %, is a colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline powder, having a melting point of 205—208°C and a specific gravity of 3500 kg/m. It is highly soluble, 8.6 kg/L of water at 15°C similar to the anhydrous hydroxide, it is an extremely strong base. 

The cesium ion is more toxic than the sodium ion but less toxic than the potassium, lithium, or mbidium ion. No TLV is stated for cesium or cesium chloride the TLV for cesium hydroxide is 2 mg/m. The oral LD q of cesium chloride for mice is 2300 mg/kg, and for cesium fluoride is 400—700 mg/kg (39). 

Molten (177—343°C) cesium hydroxide can be used in desulfurizing heavy oils. The hydroxide may be recycled by steam hydrolysis (55). 

CESARS - Chemical Evaluation Search Retrieval System, 305 Cesium hydroxide, 37 Cetex Petrochemicals, 170... 

Thus, in a medium of low dielectric constant the ions will undergo ion association. Associated ions, such as ion pairs of 1 1 electrolytes will not contribute to the conductivity of the solution at low field strengths. Furthermore, Coulomb s law explains why ions of equal charge but of different size are associated to a different degree in a medium of given dielectric constant a compound consisting of big ions is more dissociated than one with small ions cesium hydroxide is a stronger base than potassium hydroxide. On the other hand, various halides of the alkali metal ions do not obey this law 2>. 

Cesium hydroxide (CsOH) is the strongest base (alkali) with the highest pH value of any chemical yet found. It is easy to produce by just placing cesium metal in water (which is very reactive). After the hydrogen escapes, cesium hydroxide remains in the water (2Cs + —>... 

There are no reports of adverse effects in humans. By analogy to NaOH, the effects from dust or mist could be expected to vary from mild irritation of the upper respiratory tract to pneumonitis, depending on the severity of the exposure. The greatest industrial hazard is rapid tissue destruction of the eyes on contact with the solid or a concentrated solution. If cesium hydroxide is not removed from the skin, it is anticipated that burns will occur after a period of time. Ingestion would be expected to cause corrosion of the lips, mouth, tongue, and pharynx, as well as abdominal pain. 

The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-weighted average (TLV-TWA) for cesium hydroxide is 2mg/mk... 

Silca, crystalline-quartz, 628 Chromyl chloride, 175 Fthylidene norbornene, 335 Methomyl, 443 Cobalt hydrocarbonyl, 182 Decaborane, 203 Benomyl, 67 Diborane, 211 Pentaborane, 555 Osmium tetroxide, 546 Cesium hydroxide, 131 Alumina trihydroxide, 38 Aluminum oxyhydroxide, 38 Vinyl toluene, 738 Nonylphenol, 541 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 279 Trimethyl benzene, 712 Methylcyclohexanol, 465 Terphenyls, 656 Isooctyl alcohol, 409 Anisidine, 52... 

Cesium is highly reactive. It is the most electropositive metal-more electropositive and reactive than other alkali metals of lower atomic numbers. The standard redox potential E° for the reduction Cs+ -i- e — Cs is -3.026 V. It reacts explosively with water, forming cesium hydroxide, CsOH and hydrogen ... 

Cesium hydroxide is used as electrolyte in alkahne storage batteries. Other apphcations of this compound involve catalytic use in polymerization of cyclic siloxane and treatment of hazardous wastes. 

Cesium hydroxide is prepared hy electrolysis of cesium salts to obtain cesium metal, which then reacts with water to yield hydroxide. It also is prepared hy the action of harium hydroxide with an aqueous solution of cesium sulfate. 

Cesium hydroxide is the strongest base known. Its aqueous solution undergoes neutralization reactions with acids. Precipitation reactions don t yield crystaUine cesium salts because of their high solubility. 

Reaction with sodium or potassium hydroxide forms trans-osmate ion, trans-[0s04(0H)2]2 , which is reduced by ethanol to form dark purple [0s i(0)2(0H)4]2 . On the other hand, reaction of osmium tetroxide with rubidium or cesium hydroxide in stoichiometric ratios usually form the ions, [0s04(0H)] and [0s0( j,-0H)0s04] in addition to trans-[0s04(0H)2]27... 

The related pentakis-TTF derivatives 41, synthesized by Becher et al. by reaction of tetraiodide 39 with four equivalents of the thiolate anion liberated upon treatment of 40 with cesium hydroxide (Scheme 9), displayed qualitatively similar redox behavior to 38 with noninteracting TTF units. The attachment of branched multiredox wedges (e.g. 32) to the tetrathio-TTF core should provide interesting systems in which a central TTF unit may be shielded by the outer layers and should oxidize more readily. 

A few polymerizations leading to nonhydrolyzable polysaccharides have been reported. The first was a base-catalyzed polymerization of 5,6-anhydro-l,2-0-isopropylidene-3-0-methyl-a-D-glucofuranose.u The polymerization was initiated most successfully with solid potassium or cesium hydroxide, and the d.p. achieved was —25. Hydrolysis gave a free, methylated, nonhydrolyzable polysaccharide, which was oxidized with hypoiodite to the poly(D-gluconic acid.)... 

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