Potassium Kurrol’s Salt

Potassium Metaphosphate Potassium Polyphosphates Potassium Kurrol s Salt... 

Determine whether or not cross-1 inked potassium Kurrol s salt contains cross-links in the crystalline phase and is indeed a crystalline ultraphosphate or does the salt obey the phase diagram for the two component K2O-P2O5 system. 

The following experiment was performed to determine if it is possible to mimic the properties obtained when potassium Kurrol s salt with a 0.98 K2O-P2O5 ratio is prepared from a melt in a furnace. The approach is to mix the potassium ultraphosphate with a ratio of 0.65 with potassium Kurrol s salt made with a ratio K2O-P2O5 = 1.0. 

Cross-linked potassium Kurrol s is prepared in exactly the same manner as the calcium polyphosphate fibers. The only difference is potassium is substituted for calcium in the preparation of potassium Kurrol s salt. There is strong reason to question whether or not the strange solution behavior of cross-linked potassium Kurrol s salt is a result of cross-linking in the crystalline phase or is a result of ultra long polyphosphate chains mixed with an independent ultraphosphate phase that contains the required cross-linking. All of the observations which led to the belief that the molecule-ions in the crystalline phase were cross-linked can be explained based upon the two phase model where the ultraphosphate phase is rather quickly degraded in aqueous solutions to form acidic groups. 

There is no reorganization in a crystal of potassium Kurrol s salt even at temperatures near the melt temperature because there are no phase transitions in potassium Kurrol s salt crystals. In the sodium system the crystals of Kurrol s salt can suffer a phase transition. At a phase transition the chaos of the melt is recaptured over the interval of the transition. 

In the potassium Kurrol s salt phase system the crystalline analogues to Ca2P60i7 or CaP O i were not found by a literature search. (22) The amorphous potassium ultraphosphate systems have been studied. (23) Amorphous condensed phosphates are seldom, if ever, single compounds, but are a random mixtures of compounds and can be large and very complex. If the ultraphosphates were embedded between crystals of pure potassium phosphate fibers they would be very difficult to detect. 

When dissolved in aqueous solutions of diverse ions potassium Kurrol s salt is a viscous solution at concentration of 1% polyphosphate. The cross-linked Kurrol s is even more viscous and exhibits a stringiness not seen in the Kurrol s salts prepared with K O-P2O5 ratios equal to unity. The aqueous solution behavior of cross-linked Kurrol s salt may be caused by the a second phase of the system superimposed upon the viscous behavior of the solutions of 1.0 K2O-P2O5 ratio potassium Kurrol s salt solutions. 

The evidence does not support cross-linking as the primary reason that potassium Kurrol s salt grown in ultraphosphate melts exhibits the very high viscosities and drag reducing properties at low concentrations in aqueous solutions. (24) It has never been adequately... 

It is concluded that the crystalline phase of potassium Kurrol s salt is not cross-linked. The mixture of very long chain polyphosphates and amorphous ultraphosphates dissolve to form highly viscous aqueous solutions. It is also concluded that the seed crystals aiding the growth of ultra long polyphosphate molecule-ions is built up from small segments of polyphosphate formed in a phosphate melt. 

Potassium Metaphosphate. Potassium Kurrol s salt potassium polymetaphosphate potassium polyphosphate. (KPOj),. High mol wt polymer degree of polymeri -zation dependent upon preparative conditions. Prepd by dehydration of KHjP04 Pfansteil, ller, J. Am. Chem Soc. 74, 6059 (1952). Structural studies lost, Acta Cryst. 16, 623 (1963) Jost, Schulze, ibid. 25B, 1110 (1969) eidem. ibid. 27B, 1345 (1971). Reviews of metaphosphates J. R. Van Wazer, Phosphorus and its Compounds vol I (Intersdence. New York, 1958) pp 601-678 Thilo, Advan. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem. 4, 1-75 (1962). 

Potassium Kurrol s salt. See Potassium metaphosphate Potassium lactate... 

Potassium metaphosphate CAS 7790-53-6 EINECS/ELINCS 232-212-6 Synonyms Metaphosphoric acid potassium salt Monopotassium metaphosphate Potassium Kurrol s salt Potassium polymetaphosphate Classification Mineral salt Definition Straight-chain polyphosphate Empirical KO3P Formula KPO3... 

Unlike the sodium systems, melt history has less influence on potassium Kurrol s salt systems mentioned above. Potassium trimetaphosphate is not a phase diagram entity. Potassium phosphate melts with R values of unity are very difficult to quench to glasses, because they crystallize very rapidly. If potassium phosphate melts are cooled slowly, long-chain polyphosphates, [KPOsln, are the only crystals to form. No other crystals are thermodynamically stable in this portion of their phase diagram and Kurrol s salts dominate a large area of this diagram. 

Calcium polyphosphates, [Ca(P03)2] , crystals grown in sodium ultraphosphate melts in the preparation of fibers, were grown in a manner similar to how [KPOaln is grown in melts of ultraphosphoric acid. These systems yield salts referred to as cross-linked Kunol s salts. Since potassium Kurrol s salts can be easily and quickly solubilized in water containing some diverse ions, such as sodium, potassium phosphates are much more easily studied. Potassium Kurrol s... 

There is no question whether or not cross-linking is a necessary part of a system with an ultraphosphate composition. It is a structural-composition requirement, but where does cross-linking reside in potassium Kurrol s salt crystallized in ultraphosphate melts Are cross-links contained in crystalline phases and cause the formation of crystalline potassium ultraphosphates, or does a salt obey its phase diagram for a two-component K2O-P2O5 system (See Figure 3.1.)... 

Let us approach question 1 first. Assume that when preparing cross-linked Kurrol s salt, all phosphoric oxide added to crystalline [KP03]n enters potassium Kurrol s salt as a cross-linking agent. Assume that all phosphate crystallizes to cross-linked Kurrofs salt. If these assumptions are true, cross-linked Kurrol s salt is an ultraphosphate and not a polyphosphate because the M2O-P2O5 must be less than unity. Moreover, there must be two different compounds present in a phase system exhibiting different X-ray patterns. 

Kurrol s salt is very slowly soluble in distilled water and ultraphosphate glasses are infinitely and quickly soluble in water, it is possible to estimate the quantity of amorphous phase contained in a well-crystallized Kurrol s salt system. Sample mixtures of crystalline and amorphous phases are first milled to a fine powder and then any soluble phase dissolved from crystalline phases with distilled water. The aqueous filtrate solution is then analyzed both for ratios and concentrations of dissolved phosphates. The soluble part of a sample should be amorphous since potassium Kurrol s salt is almost insoluble under these conditions. 

Table 3.1 compares the measured values with predicted values for the quantity of amorphous phase formed. It is noteworthy that even at a ratio as large as 0.98 a relatively large percent of amorphous phase (7.96%) should be formed in a potassium Kurrol s salt system. Measured analytical results support these predictions. 

When sufficiently large quantities of P2O5, z, are added to react with all crystalline K2O P2O5 in a system, the reaction between potassium Kurrol s salt and P2O5 may be written as... 

Each gram of P4O10 added to 1.66 grams or more potassium Kurrol s salt forms 2.66 grams of amorphous phase when the system is heated to a melt and allowed to cool to glass. Equation (3.21) is unique for preparations of a system with a ratio of 0.50. 

Had the system reported above not been heated to 600 °C before it was declared a Kurrol s salt, then these results could be more acceptable. As noted in K2O-P2O5 phase diagrams, systems heated to 600 °C convert to potassium Kurrol s salts irrespective of the degree of polymerization of an ammonium feed stock. Exactly the same results would have been obtained had the starting raw materials been mono- or diammonium orthophosphates. 

As with the potassium Kurrol s salt, one must have an analysis of the amorphous phase to obtain R. This is more difficult, since the enamel is likely to be very sparingly soluble and it may be difficult to dissolve the glassy phase without dissolving at least a part of the crystalline AIPO4. Perhaps the best estimate can be gained from a measurement of the refractive index of the amorphous system. A Becke line approach would probably work well if a calibration curve is prepared or refractive indices are calculated from molar refractions of AI2O3 and P2O5. Both approaches have been used satisfactorily in the past. The dispersed phase does not... 

Uses Surfactant, o/w and w/o emulsifier, dispersant, corrosion inhibitor, antistat, conditioner for cosmetics, emulsion polymerization Trade Names Dermophos IS-2K Potassium Kurrol s salt. See Potassium metaphosphate Potassium laurate... 

Potassium Kurrol s salt Potassium polymetaphosphate Classification Mineral salt Definition Straight-chain polyphosphate Empirical KOjP Formula KPOj... 

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