Posterior reversible

Cerebral WM changes (WMC) are found in a number of diseases of adulthood, such as the debated Binswanger s disease, multiple sclerosis, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome, cerebral anoxia, leukodystrophies, and mitochondrial encephalopathies, among others. The term leukoaraiosis (LA) is applied for nonspecific WMC, primarily in the elderly, that cannot be attributed to a... 

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Hyperperfusion syndrome post carotid endarterectomy Conventional MR imaging findings... 

Fig. 7.19 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Sixty-four-year-old female with mental status changes. FLAIR images demonstrate hyperintense lesions in the bilateral parietal occipital regions that suggest acute infarctions arrows). The lesions...

Bartynski, W.S., Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1 fundamental imaging and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2008. 29(6) p. 1036-42. 

Covarrubias, D.J., P.H. Luetmer, and N.G. Campeau, Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome prognostic utility of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2002. 23(6) p. 1038-48. 

Abercrombie M (1950) The effects of antero-posterior reversal of lengths of the primitive streak in the chick. Phil Trans Royal Soc Lond 234 317-338. 

Nervous system Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, which is characterized by neurological symptoms and bilateral posterior hemispheric edema on neuro-imaging, has been reported in a 19-year-old woman after she had taken an over-the-counter cold remedy containing pseudoephedrine pi ]. TTie clinical manifestations and radiological abnormalities resolved after antihypertensive therapy and withdrawal of pseudoephedrine. 

Ebbo M, Benarous L, Thomas G, Jourde N, Genot S, Bernit E, Veit V, Harle JR, Schleinitz N. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome induced by a cough and cold drug containing pseudoephedrine. Rev Med Interne 2010 31 (6) 440-4. 

Eran A, Barak M. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after combined general and spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine. Anesth Analg 2009 108 (2) 609-12. 

A 14-year-old Japanese girl with Guillain— Barre syndrome was given intravenous immunoglobulin 0.4 g/kg/day and after 3 days developed severe headaches without disturbed consciousness [62 ]. An MRI scan of the brain showed characteristics consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. After the end of the course of intravenous immunoglobulin she recovered. 

Koichihara R, Hamano S, Yamashita S, Tanaka M. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with IVIG... 

Nervous system A posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with Langerhans cell histocytosis resolved completely when ciclosporin was withdrawn Similar cases have been reported in a 27-year-old man with collapsing focal glomerulosclerosis [2 ] and in a 68-year-old woman and a 19-year-old man after heart transplantation [3 ]. 

A 62-year-old, liver transplant recipient developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after taking tacrolimus 2 mg/day and metoprolol 150 mg/day when her serum tacrolimus concentration fell to 1.5 pg/l she recovered [76 ]. 

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome occurred in an 18-year-old woman who had taken tacrolimus tor 14 days an MRI scan 4 weeks after withdrawal of tacrolimus showed almost complete resolution of all the changes that were noted in a scan that was taken at the time of presentation [77 ]. 

A 68-year-old woman who had taken tacrolimus 4 mg/day for 7 months developed a posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy, which resolved within 6 months of tacrolimus withdrawal [78 ]. 

Lai CC, Chen SJ, Lien SH, Lo CP, Cheng SN. Posterior reversible encephalopathy in a child with Langerhans cell... 

Dzudie A, Boissonnat P, Roussoulieres A, Cakmak Mosbah K, Bejui FT, Obadia JF, Sebbag L. Cyclosporine-related posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after heart transplantation should we withdraw or reduce cyclosporine Transplant Proc 2009 41(2) 716-20. 

Frantzeskaki F, Paramythiotou E, Papathanasiou M, Athanasios G, Gouliamos A, Armaganidis A. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in an intensive care unit patient receiving tacrolimus. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008 52(8) 1177. 

Hodnett P, Coyle J, O Regan K, Maher MM, Fanning N. PRES (posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome), a rare complication of tacrolimus therapy. Emerg Radiol 2009 16(6) 493-6. 

P6rez Men6ndez-Conde C, Alvarez Diaz A, Delgado Silveira E, Bermejo Vicedo T. Leucoencefalopatia posterior reversible secundaria al tratamiento con tacrolimus. [Reversible posterior leuko-encephalopathy secondary to treatment with tacrolimus]. Farm Hosp 2008 32(5) 298-9. 

A 15-year-old male titrated to 20 mg daily of aripiprazole over a 4-week period developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome which was successfully treated with bromocriptine he also showed signs on MRI of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome which can be associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 

A single case report of choreoathetosis temporally related to ciprofloxacin use in a haemodialysis patient highlights the need to carefully monitor drug dosing, particularly in renal patients [26 ]. In this case, the symptoms resolved within a week of ceasing the medication. Ciprofloxacin was also associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in an adolescent male treated for a respiratory tract infection [27 ]. 

Ali WH. Ciprofloxacin-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy. BMJ Case Rep 2013 2013. 

While hypertensive crisis, immxmosuppressive therapy, eclampsia, chemotherapy and some acute illnesses are recognised as possible causes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, if is claimed fhaf bevacizumab has been often overlooked as a candidate cause. However, examination of a recent clinical presentation and accompanying medical history suggested that bevacizumab was indeed the agent that precipitated this nemological disorder in a normotensive patient with advanced ovarian cancer [loo ll. 

Stubgen J-P. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) after granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy. J Neurol... 

Abbas O, Shamseddin A, Temraz S, Haydar A. Posterior reversible encephalopathy s)mdrome after bevacizumab therapy in a normotensive patient. BMJ Case Rep February 21,2013 2013. http //dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-007995. 

Kushner BH, Modak S, Basu EM, Roberts SS, Kramer K, Cheung NK. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in neuroblastoma patients receiving anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody. Cancer 2013 119(15) 2789-95. 

In a case report, a 49-year-old female with short bowel syndrome who underwent multivisceral transplant due to total parenteral nutrition-related liver disease developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) which was thought to be due to sirolimus. PRES resolved after sirolimus was discontinued [48 ]. 

Barbas AS, Rege AS, Castleberry AW, Gommer J, Elhs MJ, Brennan TV, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome independently associated with tacrolimus and sirolimus after multivisceral transplantation. Am J Transplant March 2013 13(3) 808-10. PubMed PMID 23331705. Epub 2013/01/22. eng. 

Fitzgerald RT, Osorio J, Panigrahy A, Mazariegos GV, ZuccoK G. Isolated leptomeningeal enhancement in tacrolimus-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Pediatr Neurol January 2013 48(l) 76-8. PubMed PMID 23290027. Epub 2013/01/08. eng. 

Hammerstrom AE, Howell J, Gulbis A, Rondon G, Champlin RE, Popat U. Tacrolimus-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol April 2013 88(4) 301-5. PubMed PMID 23460378. Epub... 

Pawar PS, Noviawaty I, Zaidat OO. Unusual case of intra-arterial doxorubicin chemoembolizafion-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Neurologist 2012 18(l) 49-50. 

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