2 metabolism element

The specimens analyzed are the punctures of human liver. This provides the life-time investigation of elemental metabolism in liver of patient. This is very important aspect, because the information obtained from autopsy is distorted because of fast processes in the liver post mortem. 

Richards, M.R 1989a. Recent developments in trace element metabolism and function role of metallothionein in copper and zinc metabolism. Jour. Nutr. 119 1062-1070. 

Ante, M. et al. Low Rations for Growthe and Reproduction in Pigs, in Trace Element Metabolism in Animals, (W G. Hockstra et al., editors). University Park Press, Baltimore. MD, 1073,... 

Harland, B., L. Prosky, and J. Vandeiveen Nutritional Adequacy of Current Levels of Zn. et al, in the American Food Supply for Adults, Infants, and Toddlers, in Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals (M. Kirchgessner, editor), p. 311, Instiwt fur Emabmngsphysiologie, Technisclie Universitat Munchen, Freising-Wsihenstephan. Germany. 1978. 

M. Kirchgessner (ed.), Trace Elements Metabolism in Man and Animals , Arbeitkreis fur Tierernahrungsforschung... 

Scholz-Ahrens, K.E. and Schrezenmeir, J. 2000. Effects of bioactive substances in milk on mineral and trace element metabolism with special reference to casein phosphopeptides. Brit. J. Nutr. 84(suppl. 1), 147-153. 

In a study of five adults, our laboratory (Freeland-Graves et al., Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals. In press.) found that an oral dose of 800 mg of calcium significantly depressed the plasma uptake of 40 mg inorganic manganese. Whether or not this antagonistic relationship exists in normal food or diets is unclear. 

Hopkins, L. L. Essentiality and Function of Vanadium, in Trace Element Metabolism in Animals, Proceedings International Symposium on Trace Element Metabolism in Animals, p 397, Baltimore, University Park Press, 1974... 

Hambidge, K.M. "Trace Element Metabolism in Animals II" University Park Press, Baltimore, MD, 1973, p 171-183. 

Spencer, H. Samachson, J."Trace Element Metabolism in Animals" Edinburgh, Scotland, 1970, p 312-14. 

Sandstrom, B. Arvidsson, A. Bjorn-Rasmussen, E. Cederbald, A. "Zinc Absorption from Bread Meals in Trace Elements Metabolism in Man and Animals (Kirchgessner, M. ed.) III." Proc. Third Inti. Sym. Arpeitskeirs Fuhr Tierernahrungs Forschung Welhenstephan, 1978 p. 129... 

Several groups have been active in recent years in employing stable Isotopes of various elements in tracer studies involving trace element metabolism Janghorbani et al. (9 11) have recently reported on metabolic studies with Zn and Se stable isotopes ... 

Activation analysis may be regarded as an alternative to tracer techniques in the study of trace element metabolism. The activation method does not suffer from the disadvantage of possible radiation damage to the biological system inherent in the use of radioactive tracers. A further disadvantage in the use of tracers has been pointed out by Harrison and Raymond (33). They state that while giving valuable information as to the relative retention and distribution of trace elements, no absolute information as to their excretion rates is obtained. 

The most definitive assessment of the metal composition of metalloproteins comes from the application of element-specific detection methods. CE-ICP-MS provides information not only about the type and quantity of individual metals bound to the proteins but also about the isotopes of each element as well [11,12]. Elemental speciation has become increasingly important to the areas of toxicology and environmental chemistry. Such analytical capability also opens up important possibilities for trace element metabolism studies. Figure 1 depicts the separation of rabbit liver metallothionein containing zinc, copper, and cadmium (the predominant metal) using CE-ICP-MS with a high-sensitivity, direct injection nebulizer (DIN) interface. UV detection (200 nm) was used to monitor the efficiency of the CE separation of the protein isoforms (MT-1 and MT-2), whereas ICP-MS detection made it possible to detect and quantify specific zinc, copper (not shown), and cadmium isotopes associated with the individual isoform peaks. 

Winge, D.R., J. Krasno and A.V. Colucci. Cadmium accumulation in rat liver correlation between bound metal and pathology, In Trace Element Metabolism in Animals, edited by W.G. Hoekstra, J.W. Suttie, H.E. Ganther and W. Mertz, Baltimore, University Park Press, pp. 500-502, 1974. 

P. Nikolova Medical University Varna, Bulgaria Mn and other essential trace elements metabolism in rats NS... 

Doisy EA. 1973. Effects of deficiency in manganese upon plasma levels of clotting proteins and cholesterol in man. Trace Element Metabolism. In Animals-2, 2nd ed., (WG Hoekstra, JW Suttie, AE Ganther, W. Mertz, eds.) University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 668-670. 

Anke M, Hennig A, Sghneidee HJ, Ludke H, Gageen von W and Sghlegelm H (1970) The interrelations between cadmium, zinc, copper and iron in metabolism of hens, ruminants and man. In Mills CF and Livingstone S, eds. Trace Element Metabolism in Animals. E S Livingstone, Edinburgh-London, pp. 317-320. 

Anke M, Grun M, Dittrich G, Groppel B and Hennig a (1973a) Low nickel ration for growth and reproduction in pigs. In Hoekstra WG, Suttie JW, Ganter HE and Mertz W, eds. Trace Element Metabolism in Animals-2. Baltimore, University Park Press, pp. 715-718. 

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