Pores parameters affecting

These examples indicate that aggregation and pore-size distribution parameters affect volatilization of petroleum products from a contaminated subsurface. Fine and Yaron (1993) report that kerosene volatilization depends on the type of soil. Tests on four soils with a clay content increasing from 0.3% to 74.4%, and organic matter... 

The surface areas and pore parameters of AMM samples are listed in Table 1. It is found that, after post-synthesis alumination, the surface area of the resulting AMM material decreases. For PSM, the surface area is 1311 m2/g. With the increase of A1 content, the surface area of AMM samples drops gradually from 1211 to 997 m2/g. Meanwhile, the pore diameter and total pore volume decrease with increasing A1 content. Since the dioo spacing is not affected by post-synthesis alumination, the decrease of pore diameter indicates that the pore wall becomes thicker. The results... 

Based on Equation 10.3, chemical mobility differs from water mobility by a factor of 1 + (pb/x)Xd. This factor is also known as the retardation factor. The larger the retardation factor, the smaller is the velocity of the chemical species in relationship to the velocity of water. Note, however, that the retardation factor contains a reactivity factor (Kd) and two soil physical parameters, bulk density (pb) and porosity (t). The two parameters affect retardation by producing a wide range of total porosity in soils as well as various pore sizes. Pore size regulates the nature of solute flow. For example, in very small pores, solute movement is controlled by diffusion, while in large pores, solute flow is controlled by mass flow. 

The ways in which reaction parameters affect a two phase batch reaction are similar to those considered above for the three phase systems. Since there is no gas phase, agitation only serves to keep the catalyst suspended making it more accessible to the dissolved reactants so it only has a secondary effect on mass transfer processes. Substrate concentration and catalyst quantity are the two most important reaction variables in such reactions since both have an influence on the rate of migration of the reactants through the liquid/solid interface. Also of significant importance are the factors involved in minimizing pore diffusion factors the size of the catalyst particles and their pore structure. 

Recently, MCM-48, with Ia3d symmetry and a three-dimensional pore structure, was also synthesized using silatrane as a silica precursor (Longloilert et al. 2011). This research focused on the effects of synthesis parameters, namely crystallization temperature and time, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant concentration, amount of NaOH, and silica source. The results revealed that all synthesis parameters affected the synthesis of MCM-48. Various techniques used for characterizing MCM-48 showed a long-range ordered structure with a truncated octahedral shape and a surface area as high as 1300 mVg with a pore size of 2.86 nm. 

It indicates that the threshold value is a very important factor affecting the determined pore parameter, and significantly depends on the tested soil samples. However, it is suggested that a relative small threshold value (60-100) should be chosen when a SEM image is employed to quantify the pore parameters. In this study, a value of 80 is chosen as the reference in the next sections. 

The screen weave is the most important parameter affecting the choice of screen channel IADs since certain weaves are capable of producing much finer pore sizes than other weaves. For example, finer screen meshes are desirable to ensure adequate resistance to... 

A high aromatics selectivity, however, requires proper catalyst selection. Zhang et al. studied the fast pyrolysis of corncob in absence and presence of a catalyst (ie, ZSM-5) [287]. The presence of the catalyst increased the yields of noncondensable gas, water, and coke, while decreasing the liquid and char yields. The catalyst induced a decrease of the oxygen content of the liquid fraction by more than 25%. These studies indicate the importance of a catalyst during biomass pyrolysis. The most important catalytic parameters affecting the product distribution are pore structure and acid site type. This was demonstrated by testing siUcalite, a material with the same pore structure as ZSM-5 but with intrinsic different acid sites, and siUca-alumina, an amorphous material with Brpnsted acid sites, in the catalytic pyrolysis of... 

Thus, the structures of these three speci n ° boundaries and pores, which affect the optical tra" different in terms of crystal each material was produced using a different proc Properties. Furthermore, tance is an important parameter relative to the optical transmit-... 

In this section, the effect of PAG content on pore parameters of prepared scaffolds is investigated. It was found that the water content, evaporation rate, and evaporation time of solvent (acetic acid aqueous solution) significantly affected the pore parameters of the scaffolds. Hence, all scaffolds were remained in the water for 24 h to reach the equilibrium swelling then freeze dried with the same evaporation rate and time, the amount of PAG was the only variable. Figure 1.28 shows SEM... 

The relationship between adsorption capacity and surface area under conditions of optimum pore sizes is concentration dependent. It is very important that any evaluation of adsorption capacity be performed under actual concentration conditions. The dimensions and shape of particles affect both the pressure drop through the adsorbent bed and the rate of diffusion into the particles. Pressure drop is lowest when the adsorbent particles are spherical and uniform in size. External mass transfer increases inversely with d (where, d is particle diameter), and the internal adsorption rate varies inversely with d Pressure drop varies with the Reynolds number, and is roughly proportional to the gas velocity through the bed, and inversely proportional to the particle diameter. Assuming all other parameters being constant, adsorbent beds comprised of small particles tend to provide higher adsorption efficiencies, but at the sacrifice of higher pressure drop. This means that sharper and smaller mass-transfer zones will be achieved. 

A question of practical interest is the amount of electrolyte adsorbed into nanostructures and how this depends on various surface and solution parameters. The equilibrium concentration of ions inside porous structures will affect the applications, such as ion exchange resins and membranes, containment of nuclear wastes [67], and battery materials [68]. Experimental studies of electrosorption studies on a single planar electrode were reported [69]. Studies on porous structures are difficult, since most structures are ill defined with a wide distribution of pore sizes and surface charges. Only rough estimates of the average number of fixed charges and pore sizes were reported [70-73]. Molecular simulations of nonelectrolyte adsorption into nanopores were widely reported [58]. The confinement effect can lead to abnormalities of lowered critical points and compressed two-phase envelope [74]. 

Capacitance of a single pore is proportional to its surface area. Therefore, for a cylindrical NP it is proportional to 2m l, where r is the NP radius, and / is its length. Inner resistance of NP is proportional to / as well. The NP parameters depend on how the activated carbon powder was obtained but they are normally not affected by treating the powder when fabricating the electrode. 

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