Polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine

Povidone-B Betadyne Polyvinylpyrrolidone/iodine Purdue, Pharma, USA Disinfectant... 

Safran M, Braverman LE. Effect of chronic douching with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine on iodine absorption and thyroid function. Obstet Gynecol 1982 60(l) 35-40. 

Okten F, Oral M, Canakici N, et al. An anaphylactoid induced with polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine. A case report. Turk Anesteziyol Reanim 1993 21 118-22. 

S Siggia. The chemistry of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine. J Am Pharm Assoc 44 210-204, 1957. 

VH Crowder, IS Welsh, GH Bomside, I Cohn. Bacteriological comparison of hexa-chlorophene and polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine surgical scrub soaps. Am Surg 33 906-911, 1967. 

Nowadays, iodine is widely used for the manufacturing of X-ray contrast media, antimicrobial products, as tinctures of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (Povidone-iodine), catalysts in chemical processes (e.g. for the production of acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol in the presence of a rhodium iodide-catalyst (Monsanto process) or an iridium iodide-catalyst (Cativa process)), and also on a smaller scale for the production of pharmaceuticals like thyroid hormones. [ 83 ]... 

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, crosslinked. See Polyvi nyl polypyrrol idone Crospovidone Polyvinylpyrrolidone/decene copolymer. See PVP/decene copolymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone/hexadecene copolymer. See PVP/hexadecene copolymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex. See PVP-iodine... 

X0-1-pyrrolidinyl) ethylene) iodine complex Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex Povidone-iodine... 

Details are given of the physicochemical properties and in vitro resistance to encrustation of films of polycaprolactone or blends of polycaprolactone with a polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine mixture. Films were characterised in terms of tensile properties, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, dynamic contact angle, and SEM. 29 refs. 

Skin disinfection." Reduction of germ counts prior to punctures or surgical procedures is desirable if the risk of wound infection is to be minimized. Useful agents include alcohols (1- and 2-propanol ethanol 60-90% iodine-re-leasing agents like polyvinylpyrrolidone [povidone, PVPj-iodine as a depot form of the active principle iodine, instead of iodine tincture), cationic surfactants, Liillmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology <... 

It is used in the manufacture of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), in the manufacture of copolymers with, for example, aciv lic acid, acrylates, vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile and in the synthesis of phenolic resins. About 10-15% of the monomer is used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of PVP-iodine complex used as a disinfectant. It is also used as a reactive solvent of ultraviolet-curable resins for the production of printing inks and paints as paper and textile auxiliaries, and as an additive in the cosmetics industry (Harreus, 1993). 

Kristinsson KG, Jansen B, Treitz U et al. (1991) Antimicrobial activity of polymers coated with iodine-complexed polyvinylpyrrolidone. J Biomater Appl 5 173-184... 

Identification Add 0.1 mL of iodine TS to a suspension of 1 g of sample in 10 mL of water, and shake the mixture for 30 s. The reagent is discolored (distinction from polyvinylpyrrolidone, which produces a red color). Add 1 mL of starch TS, and shake the mixture. No blue color appears. 

The ability to form complexes with such a large number of substances is a special feature of polyvinylpyrrolidone (Section 2.2.7). The complexes formed are almost always soluble and are stable only in an acid medium. This property can be used to increase the solubility of drugs in liquid dosage forms, as in the case of povidone-iodine. In solid dosage forms, the ability to form complexes is used to increase bioavailability. A reduction in the local toxicity of certain drugs can also be achieved by complexation with povidone. A special use for the complexation properties lies in the stabilization of proteins and enzymes in diagnostics. 

More recently available is an aqueous solution of an iodine complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone, or povidone. It does not sting when applied to open wounds. 

Tolpovidone 13lI. I-(u-p-Iodo-1311-benzylpolyethylene)-2-pyrrolidinone iodinated p-toluidine polyvinylpyrrolidone radio-iodinated (,3,l) tolpovidone Raovin. 

Figure 96.1 The PVP-I complex. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), a complex of the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone and iodine, is a water-soluble powder containing 10% iodine. The available iodine content in the preparation varies from 0.05 to 1%. PVP-I solutions used for disinfection of the skin or wounds have a 1 % iodine content.

The importance of the dilution issue is especially pronounced in testing of iodophor products. The antiseptic action of iodophor relies on the free iodine released from, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer in an aqueous environment. A 10% PVP-I solution, for example, has 1% available iodine, but only releases approximately 1 ppm free iodine. However, it is the free iodine that is responsible for the antisepsis [5]. Dilution of PVP-I from 10- to 100-fold dilution controversially results in a greater concentration of free iodine and thus more effective antisepsis, creating a bias, which overestimates the true product efficacy [6,7]. 

Hypersensitivity responses to povidone-iodine include a few clear-cut cases of anaphylaxis, generalized urticaria-angioedema, and contact dermatitis. Polyvinylpyrrolidone not iodine has been implicated as the offending component. 

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