Iodine absorption

Table 9 shows the classification system for blacks most commonly used in mbber. The ASTM numbering system is based on the fundamental particle si2e of the black. Particle si2e is deterrnined by several methods, including iodine absorption, nitrogen absorption, and light scattering. 

Soon after Dennison had deduced from the specific-heat curve that ordinary hydrogen gas consists of a mixture of two types of molecule, the so-called ortho and para hydrogen, a similar state of affairs in the case of iodine gas was demonstrated by direct experiment by R. W. Wood and F. W. Loomis.1 In brief, these experimenters found that the iodine bands observed in fluorescence stimulated by white light differ from those in the fluorescence excited by the green mercury line X 5461, which happens to coincide with one of the iodine absorption lines. Half of the lines are missing in the latter case, only those being present which are due to transitions in which the rotational quantum number of the upper state is an even integer. In other words, in the fluorescence spectrum excited by X 5461 only those lines appear which are due to what we may provisionally call the ortho type of iodine molecule. 

This technique bas been demonstrated for the example of molecular iodine absorption, where a layer density of 5 x 10 g/cm seems to be detectable... 

Extensive iodine absorption from povidone-iodine can cause transient hypothyroidism or in patients with latent hypothyroidism the risk of destabilization and thyrotoxic crisis (SEDA-20, 226 SEDA-22, 263). Especially at risk are patients with an autonomous adenoma, localized diffuse autonomy of the thyroid gland, nodular goiter, latent hyperthyroidism of autoimmune origin, or endemic iodine deficiency (51). 

Safran M, Braverman LE. Effect of chronic douching with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine on iodine absorption and thyroid function. Obstet Gynecol 1982 60(l) 35-40. 

Pietsch J, Meakins JL. Complications of povidone-iodine absorption in topically treated burn patients. Lancet 1976 l(7954) 280-2. 

The use of povidone-iodine for the treatment of burns, for peritoneal lavage in the treatment of purulent peritonitis, or as a rinsing solution for body cavities can increase serum iodine concentrations associated with increased urinary excretion of iodine. In people with burns the extent of iodine absorption depends on the extent of the burned body surface. It is not uncommon for serum iodine concentrations to rise to more than 1000 pg/ml. If renal function is intact, iodine elimination in the urine can be adequate. The serum iodine concentration returns to normal about 1 week after the last application. 

Systemic iodine absorption can occur after intravaginal administration of povidone-iodine (11). There were increases in serum iodine, protein-bound iodine, and inorganic iodine, but not serum thyroxine, after a 2-minute vaginal administration of povidone-iodine in non-preg-nant women (12). 

In the case of superficial wounds, povidone-iodine can be applied occasionally or repeatedly in spite of increased iodine absorption through the broken skin surfaces. 

Lavage of wound and body cavities with povidone-iodine or its instillation is not indicated because of increased iodine absorption. 

Aiba M, Ninomiya J, Furuya K, Arai H, Ishikawa H, Asaumi S, Takagi A, Ohwada S, Morishita Y. Induction of a critical elevation of povidone-iodine absorption in the treatment of a burn patient report of a case. Surg Today 1999 29 157-9. 

Iodine number a measure of the iodine absorption by an oil under standard conditions used to indicate the quantity of unsaturated compounds present also called iodine value. 

These systems separate the sulfoxide of cimetidine from the free base. All work was carried out using Merck-Kieselgel 6OF254 plates. Visualization of the spots UV 254 and iodine absorption. 

Iodine absorption was studied by Wolfrom and Husted23 with 2,3,4,6-tetra-0-methyl-(2-hydroxy-D-glucal). Analysis by the Wijs procedure showed utilization of 93 % of the amount required by one double bond. 

We present a frequency comparison of two independent -stabilized Nd YAG lasers at 532 nm and an absolute frequency measurement of the laser frequencies which were locked to different HFS components of the R(56)32-0 and P (54)32-0 iodine absorption line. The absolute frequencies have been determinded using a phase-coherent frequency chain which links the 12-stabilized laser frequency to a CH4-stabilized He-Ne laser at 3.39 pm. This laser had been calibrated before the measurements against an atomic cesium fountain clock. 

Fig. 1. Set-up of the PTB laser system. The Nd YAG laser is frequency stabilized onto a selected iodine absorption line using the phase modulation method. The probe beam is modulated at 2.05 MHz by an electro-optic modulator (EOM), the pumb beam is frequency shifted by an acousto-optical modulator (AOM). The driving AOM rf power is chopped in order to cancel frequency offsets introduced by the Doppler background using a lock-in detection scheme. The transmitted probe beam signal is detected by a photodiode (PD) and mixed with the EOM rf in a double balanced mixer (DBM)...

In a first experiment, the frequency of the aio HFS component of the R(56)32-0 iodine absorption line was measured. This line is recommended by the Comite International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) for the realization of the metre [1]. Since the PTB laser is not tunable to this frequency, the experiment has been carried out with the ILP laser only. Using cell 13/97PTB with the parameters T = -5 °C (p = 2,42 Pa), P = 1,7 mW, I = 80 mW/cm2 the result is ... 

In the same manner, using only the ILP laser, the absolute frequencies of the hyperfine components ai, am and a of the P (54) 32-0 iodine absorption line were measured. Again, extrapolating to cell 16/89PTB and an iodine pressure at -20 °C [25] we obtain ... 

Fig. 4. Results of the absolute frequency measurements shown are the absolute frequencies and hyperfine line separation of the hyperflne components ai, aio and ais of the P(54)32-0 and the hyperflne component aio of the R,(56)32—0 iodine absorption line. Numbers in brackets correspond to an independent heterodyne frequency measurement where the beat between two ILP lasers, locked to corresponding HFS components of the P(54)32-0 and the R,(56)32-0 line, were observed (for details see text)...

Chain Length Color with Iodine Absorption Peak, Ana., nm... 

A portion of the medium-resolution spectrum of the visible 5-t— A iodine absorption spectrum with assignments for the overlapping progressions for u" = 0, 1, 2. The upper-state v values are indicated at the estimated band-head positions on the short-wavelength side of each transition the band maxima are at the top of the figure. 

After consumption of l la131l, the patient s thyroid is scanned for radioactivity levels to determine the efficiency of iodine absorption. (top) A normal thyroid, (bottom) An enlarged thyroid. 

The higher value for canola oil is caused, in part, by the replacement of erucic acid with octadecenoic acids, mainly oleic acid, accompanied by a slight increase in linoleic and linolenic acids (Table 13). The iodine value can also be calculated from fatty acid composition using the specific factors for each unsaturated fatty acid (61). The calculation method provides more accurate data than the iodine absorption assessment. 

Extensive iodine absorption from povidone-iodine can... 

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