Klebsiella Polysaccharides types

Among other polysaccharides studied were those elaborated by Neisseria per-flava (starch-type polysaccharide), Polytomella coeca (a starch richer in amy-lopectin than most natural starches), Pseudomonas morsprunorum (Wormald) (levan), Acetobacter acetigenum (cellulose), Aerobacter aerogenes (NCTC 8172) (Klebsiella Type 164), Bacillus megaterium. Bacterium pruni, and Bacterium prunicola (polyfructoses of the levan type). 

The pyruvic acid may also be linked to vicinal positions. When linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of a D-galactopyranosyl residue (40), the dioxolane ring becomes cw-fused. In the limited number of known examples, the absolute configuration at the acetalic carbon atom is (S), as in 40. There are some examples of tra -fused dioxolane rings, and these are more sensitive to hydrolysis with acid than the others. Thus, pyruvic acid is acetalically linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of an a-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue in the Klebsiella type 72 capsular polysaccharide, to 0-2 and 0-3 of an a-D-galactopyranosyl residue in the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 4 capsular polysaccharide, and to 0-2 and 0-3 of a S-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residue in the Klebsiella K1 capsular polysaccharide. " In the extracellular polysaccharide from... 

Similarly, methylation analysis of a partially hydrolyzed sample of the Klebsiella type 38 capsular polysaccharide, composed of pentasaccharide repeating units (5), revealed that the terminal 3-deoxy-L-g/ycero-pentulosylonic acid group (6) was located at 0-3 of a D-galac-tosyl residue (7), as the 6-O-methyl-D-galactose in the methylation... 

Partial hydrolysis of a fully methylated polysaccharide and investigation of the products as just described may provide valuable information, even when the partial hydrolysis is not very selective. The method has been used in studies of the Klebsiella type 38 (Ref. 17) and type 52 (Ref. 28) capsular polysaccharides. In their studies of the Klebsiella type 56 capsular polysaccharide, Choy and Dutton used a modification of this method.29... 

On treatment of the methylated Klebsiella type 52 capsular polysaccharide,28 composed of hexasaccharide repeating-units (63), with a... 

Uronic acid degradation of the fully methylated Klebsiella type 47 capsular polysaccharide120 results in a partially methylated polysaccharide having a disaccharide repeating-unit (see Section IV,2, p. 218), in which the hydroxyl groups at C-3 in the L-rhamnose residues are free. Oxidation with ruthenium tetraoxide consequently gave the product 82, which, on treatment with base, followed by... 

In the sequence analysis of the Klebsiella type 59 capsular polysaccharide, the terminal D-glucuronic acid residue was eliminated... 

Further examples of modified Smith degradation, in which the polyalcohol is methylated prior to hydrolysis under mild conditions, uronic acid degradation, and /3-elimination preceded by oxidation have been reported in connection with structural studies on the Klebsiella type 28 (Ref. 182), 57 (Ref. 183), 59 (Ref. 142), and 81 (Ref. 184) capsular polysaccharides. 

B. Lindberg, B. Lindqvist, J. Lonngren, and W. Nimmich, 4-0-[(S)-l-carboxyethyl]-D-glucuronic acid a component of the Klebsiella type 37 capsular polysaccharide, Carbohydr. Res., 49 (1976) 411 117. 

Microbial polysaccharides may contain substituted glucuronic acids. 4-0-(L-l-Carboxyethyl)-D-glucuronic acid has been identified121 as component of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 37, and 3-0-(l-1-carboxyethyl)-D-glucuronic acid has been found in the exopolysaccharide produced by Altermonas sp. 1644.122... 

There are also reports of their occurrence in polysaccharides. 3-Deoxy-D-t/zreo-hex-2-ulosonic acid (120) is a component in the extracellular polysaccharide of Azotobacter vinelandii304 and 3-deoxy-L-g7ycero-pent-2-ulosonic acid (121) has been found as a component of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 38.305... 

B. Lindberg and K. Samuelson, The Klebsiella type 38 capsular polysaccharide identification of 3-deoxy-L-g-(ycCTO-pentulosonic acid and structural studies, Carbohydr. Res., 30 (1973) 63-70. 

CigHjjO, 488.442 Constit. of the repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 23. 

Constit. of the repeating units of capsular polysaccharides from Klebsiella types K-53 and K-67. 

The capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 47 contains side-chains attached to the main chain by way of D-glucuronic acid residues.The side-chains were removed to give a linear polysaccharide by the following sequence of reactions (i) substitution of hydroxy- and carboxy-groups with methyl vinyl ether, (ii) /S-elimination by treatment with base, and (iii) removal of modified uronic acid residues and protecting groups by mild hydrolysis with acid. 

A depolymerase active towards Klebsiella type 11 capsular polysaccharide was induced by the action of bacteriophage II on a Klebsiella species. The enzyme catalysed the hydrolyses of j8-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(l -> 3)-D-glucuronic... 

The condensation of hexuronic acid derivatives with hexosaminides to give amide-linked disaccharides is referred to in Chapter D-Galacturonic acid has been identified as a component of Pneumococcus type 25 capsular polysaccharide," and 2-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid has been isolated for the first time in Nature from an extracellular polysaccharide of a species (Porphyridium cruentum) of red alga. The acidic sugar component in Klebsiella type 37 capsular polysaccharide has been identified as 4-0-[(5)-l-carboxyethyl]-D-glucuronic acid. Antibiotic substances and nucleosides that contain uronic acid components are referred to in Chapters 20 and 21, respectively. 

Klebsiella K12, pyruvic acid is acetalically linked to 0-5 and 0-6 of a y -D-galactofuranosyl residue. Pyruvic acid is further acetalically linked to 0-4 and 0-5 of a D-mannitol residue in an unusual type of teichoic acid from Brevibacterium iodinum The absolute configuration at the acetalic carbon atom is (S) in the 5. pneumoniae type 4 polysaccharide, but it has not yet been determined for the other polymers. 

In the cell-wall antigen from Staphylococcus aureus M, taurine is linked as an amide (51) to a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyluronic residue. l-Threonine and L-glutamic acid are linked as amides to D-glucuronic acid residues in the LPS from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023 and in the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella K82, respectively. In the capsular polysaccharide from E. coli K54, L-serine and L-threonine, in the ratio 1 9, are linked to the carboxyl group of a D-glucuronic acid residue. In the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae type d,... 

For example, the native, capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella aero-genes type K54 incubated with a bacteriophage-induced enzyme, gave an... 

Some results of studies on the biosynthesis of two other Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides have also been reported. In the case of type 2 specific polysaccharide336 (27), incorporation of the D-mannosyl group from GDP-Man into glycosyl-lipids and the polymer, catalyzed by a cell-envelope... 

The polysaccharides which will be considered in this paper are all found in the extracellular capsular material which surrounds the cell wall of bacteria belonging to the Genus Klebsiella. The carbohydrate nature of these capsules was first demonstrated in 1914 by Toenniessen (J ) and in 1926 Julianelle (2) was the first person to report on the presence of sharply defined and high specific types of polysaccharides in the different serotypes. 

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