Klebsiella, capsular polysaccharides

Some results of studies on the biosynthesis of two other Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides have also been reported. In the case of type 2 specific polysaccharide336 (27), incorporation of the D-mannosyl group from GDP-Man into glycosyl-lipids and the polymer, catalyzed by a cell-envelope... 

Fig. 27 a, b. Tetrasaccharide with two repeating disaccharide units from Klebsiella capsular polysaccharide K23 in its two energetically favored conformations... 

Campbell, W.N., Hendrix, E., Cryz, S.J., Cross, A.S. Immunogenicity of a 24-valent Klebsiella capsular polysaccharide vaccine and an 8-valent Pseudomnas O-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine administered to acute trauma victims, Clin Infect Dis 23 (1996) 179-181. 

Pyruvic acid has been identified in approximately half of seventy-seVen Klebsiella species investigated. On the basis of o.r.d. measurements and their interpretation from Moffitt-Yang plots, a helical superstructure is proposed for Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides of serotypes Kl, K5, K6, K8, Kll, K56, and K57. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the specific optical rotation reveal, in all cases, co-operative order-disorder transitions at temperatures between 25 and 40 C. 

A number of 3-deoxyglyculosonic acids have been identified. These substances are acid-labile and are decomposed on hydrolysis with acid under normal conditions, and have therefore often escaped detection in the past. The simplest member of this class, 3-deoxy-L- /yccro-pentulosonic acid (26), occurs as terminal groups in the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella K38. Pyranosidic 3-deoxy-D-r/ircohexulosonic acid is a component of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus 07 and 012 LPS. The same acid, as )3-py-ranosyl groups, is also present in the extracellular polysaccharide from Azo-tobacter vinelandii. ... 

The pyruvic acid may also be linked to vicinal positions. When linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of a D-galactopyranosyl residue (40), the dioxolane ring becomes cw-fused. In the limited number of known examples, the absolute configuration at the acetalic carbon atom is (S), as in 40. There are some examples of tra -fused dioxolane rings, and these are more sensitive to hydrolysis with acid than the others. Thus, pyruvic acid is acetalically linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of an a-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue in the Klebsiella type 72 capsular polysaccharide, to 0-2 and 0-3 of an a-D-galactopyranosyl residue in the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 4 capsular polysaccharide, and to 0-2 and 0-3 of a S-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residue in the Klebsiella K1 capsular polysaccharide. " In the extracellular polysaccharide from... 

In the cell-wall antigen from Staphylococcus aureus M, taurine is linked as an amide (51) to a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyluronic residue. l-Threonine and L-glutamic acid are linked as amides to D-glucuronic acid residues in the LPS from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023 and in the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella K82, respectively. In the capsular polysaccharide from E. coli K54, L-serine and L-threonine, in the ratio 1 9, are linked to the carboxyl group of a D-glucuronic acid residue. In the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae type d,... 

Similarly, methylation analysis of a partially hydrolyzed sample of the Klebsiella type 38 capsular polysaccharide, composed of pentasaccharide repeating units (5), revealed that the terminal 3-deoxy-L-g/ycero-pentulosylonic acid group (6) was located at 0-3 of a D-galac-tosyl residue (7), as the 6-O-methyl-D-galactose in the methylation... 

Partial hydrolysis of a fully methylated polysaccharide and investigation of the products as just described may provide valuable information, even when the partial hydrolysis is not very selective. The method has been used in studies of the Klebsiella type 38 (Ref. 17) and type 52 (Ref. 28) capsular polysaccharides. In their studies of the Klebsiella type 56 capsular polysaccharide, Choy and Dutton used a modification of this method.29... 

On treatment of the methylated Klebsiella type 52 capsular polysaccharide,28 composed of hexasaccharide repeating-units (63), with a... 

In the sequence analysis of the Klebsiella type 59 capsular polysaccharide, the terminal D-glucuronic acid residue was eliminated... 

Further examples of modified Smith degradation, in which the polyalcohol is methylated prior to hydrolysis under mild conditions, uronic acid degradation, and /3-elimination preceded by oxidation have been reported in connection with structural studies on the Klebsiella type 28 (Ref. 182), 57 (Ref. 183), 59 (Ref. 142), and 81 (Ref. 184) capsular polysaccharides. 

Bitton, G., Henis, Y. Lahav, N. (1976). Influence of clay minerals, humic acid and bacterial capsular polysaccharide on the survival of Klebsiella aerogenes exposed to drying and heating in soils. Plant and Soil, 45, 65-74. 

For example, the native, capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella aero-genes type K54 incubated with a bacteriophage-induced enzyme, gave an... 

Deoxy-L-g/ycero-pentulosonic acid was found to be present in Klebsiella K38 polysaccharide249 and 3-deoxy-D-threo-hexulosonic acid was identified as a component of Azotobacter capsular polysaccharide.2S0 O-Specific polysaccharides of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella boydii were shown2SI... 

The primary structure of the Klebsiella K8 capsular polysaccharide was established by Sutherland (3). It is a poly(tetrasaccharide) with three sugar residues in the backbone and a monosaccharide side-chain (II). 

Figure 5. Diffraction pattern from the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella serotype K8 at 90% relative humidity (provided by Dr. E. D. T. Atkins, University...

Figure 7. The 4, helix of Klebsiella K8 capsular polysaccharide viewed (a) perpendicular to and (b) down the helix axis...

Y. A. Knirel, N. A. Kocharova, A. S. Shashkov, N. K. Kochetkov, V. A. Mamontova, and T. F. Solov eva, Structure of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella ozaenae serotype K4 containing 3-deoxy-D-g(ycero-D-gra/acta-nonulosonic acid, Carbohydr. Res., 188 (1989) 145-155. 

B. Lindberg, B. Lindqvist, J. Lonngren, and W. Nimmich, 4-0-[(S)-l-carboxyethyl]-D-glucuronic acid a component of the Klebsiella type 37 capsular polysaccharide, Carbohydr. Res., 49 (1976) 411 117. 

Microbial polysaccharides may contain substituted glucuronic acids. 4-0-(L-l-Carboxyethyl)-D-glucuronic acid has been identified121 as component of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 37, and 3-0-(l-1-carboxyethyl)-D-glucuronic acid has been found in the exopolysaccharide produced by Altermonas sp. 1644.122... 

There are also reports of their occurrence in polysaccharides. 3-Deoxy-D-t/zreo-hex-2-ulosonic acid (120) is a component in the extracellular polysaccharide of Azotobacter vinelandii304 and 3-deoxy-L-g7ycero-pent-2-ulosonic acid (121) has been found as a component of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 38.305... 

B. Lindberg and K. Samuelson, The Klebsiella type 38 capsular polysaccharide identification of 3-deoxy-L-g-(ycCTO-pentulosonic acid and structural studies, Carbohydr. Res., 30 (1973) 63-70. 

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