Klebsiella type 9 capsular polysaccharide

The pyruvic acid may also be linked to vicinal positions. When linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of a D-galactopyranosyl residue (40), the dioxolane ring becomes cw-fused. In the limited number of known examples, the absolute configuration at the acetalic carbon atom is (S), as in 40. There are some examples of tra -fused dioxolane rings, and these are more sensitive to hydrolysis with acid than the others. Thus, pyruvic acid is acetalically linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of an a-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue in the Klebsiella type 72 capsular polysaccharide, to 0-2 and 0-3 of an a-D-galactopyranosyl residue in the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 4 capsular polysaccharide, and to 0-2 and 0-3 of a S-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residue in the Klebsiella K1 capsular polysaccharide. " In the extracellular polysaccharide from... 

Limited A-ray studies on the Klebsiella K30 capsular polysaccharide suggest the existence of a trisaccharide-repeating structure with all the glycosidic linkages disposed 1,4-diequatorial and producing a two-fold helix with a ribbon-like appearance. The antigenic determinant of hyporesponsiveness in BALB/c mice to K. pneumoniae type 47 has been reported to be L-rhamnose. ... 

In the cell-wall antigen from Staphylococcus aureus M, taurine is linked as an amide (51) to a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyluronic residue. l-Threonine and L-glutamic acid are linked as amides to D-glucuronic acid residues in the LPS from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023 and in the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella K82, respectively. In the capsular polysaccharide from E. coli K54, L-serine and L-threonine, in the ratio 1 9, are linked to the carboxyl group of a D-glucuronic acid residue. In the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae type d,... 

Similarly, methylation analysis of a partially hydrolyzed sample of the Klebsiella type 38 capsular polysaccharide, composed of pentasaccharide repeating units (5), revealed that the terminal 3-deoxy-L-g/ycero-pentulosylonic acid group (6) was located at 0-3 of a D-galac-tosyl residue (7), as the 6-O-methyl-D-galactose in the methylation... 

Partial hydrolysis of a fully methylated polysaccharide and investigation of the products as just described may provide valuable information, even when the partial hydrolysis is not very selective. The method has been used in studies of the Klebsiella type 38 (Ref. 17) and type 52 (Ref. 28) capsular polysaccharides. In their studies of the Klebsiella type 56 capsular polysaccharide, Choy and Dutton used a modification of this method.29... 

On treatment of the methylated Klebsiella type 52 capsular polysaccharide,28 composed of hexasaccharide repeating-units (63), with a... 

Uronic acid degradation of the fully methylated Klebsiella type 47 capsular polysaccharide120 results in a partially methylated polysaccharide having a disaccharide repeating-unit (see Section IV,2, p. 218), in which the hydroxyl groups at C-3 in the L-rhamnose residues are free. Oxidation with ruthenium tetraoxide consequently gave the product 82, which, on treatment with base, followed by... 

In the sequence analysis of the Klebsiella type 59 capsular polysaccharide, the terminal D-glucuronic acid residue was eliminated... 

Further examples of modified Smith degradation, in which the polyalcohol is methylated prior to hydrolysis under mild conditions, uronic acid degradation, and /3-elimination preceded by oxidation have been reported in connection with structural studies on the Klebsiella type 28 (Ref. 182), 57 (Ref. 183), 59 (Ref. 142), and 81 (Ref. 184) capsular polysaccharides. 

For example, the native, capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella aero-genes type K54 incubated with a bacteriophage-induced enzyme, gave an... 

Some results of studies on the biosynthesis of two other Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides have also been reported. In the case of type 2 specific polysaccharide336 (27), incorporation of the D-mannosyl group from GDP-Man into glycosyl-lipids and the polymer, catalyzed by a cell-envelope... 

The polysaccharides which will be considered in this paper are all found in the extracellular capsular material which surrounds the cell wall of bacteria belonging to the Genus Klebsiella. The carbohydrate nature of these capsules was first demonstrated in 1914 by Toenniessen (J ) and in 1926 Julianelle (2) was the first person to report on the presence of sharply defined and high specific types of polysaccharides in the different serotypes. 

B. Lindberg, B. Lindqvist, J. Lonngren, and W. Nimmich, 4-0-[(S)-l-carboxyethyl]-D-glucuronic acid a component of the Klebsiella type 37 capsular polysaccharide, Carbohydr. Res., 49 (1976) 411 117. 

Microbial polysaccharides may contain substituted glucuronic acids. 4-0-(L-l-Carboxyethyl)-D-glucuronic acid has been identified121 as component of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 37, and 3-0-(l-1-carboxyethyl)-D-glucuronic acid has been found in the exopolysaccharide produced by Altermonas sp. 1644.122... 

There are also reports of their occurrence in polysaccharides. 3-Deoxy-D-t/zreo-hex-2-ulosonic acid (120) is a component in the extracellular polysaccharide of Azotobacter vinelandii304 and 3-deoxy-L-g7ycero-pent-2-ulosonic acid (121) has been found as a component of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 38.305... 

B. Lindberg and K. Samuelson, The Klebsiella type 38 capsular polysaccharide identification of 3-deoxy-L-g-(ycCTO-pentulosonic acid and structural studies, Carbohydr. Res., 30 (1973) 63-70. 

In structural studies on the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K-type 9, a number of acidic and neutral oligosaccharides were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. The homogeneities and structures of the preparations were established by g.l.c.-m.s. of the permethylated oligosaccharide alditols. The structure of the oligosaccharides was also determined by methylation analyses. The same technique was used in the structural elucidation of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K-type 47. 

The bacterium Klebsiella is known to possess capsular polysaccharides. HeUeur studied isolated capsular polysaccharides from Klebsiella by pyrolysis-GC/MS. The polysaccharide is composed of repeating three glucopyranosyl units, one galactopyranosyl unit, one galactofuranosyl unit, one rhamnopyranosyl unit, and one glucouronosyl unit. Specific anhydrosugars produced upon pyrolysis for each type of saccharide unit were identified and quantified (Figure 9.8). 

CigHjjO, 488.442 Constit. of the repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 23. 

Constit. of Chondroitin sulfate, C-125 and isol. from the partial acid hydrolysate of the capsular polysaccharides of Escherichia coli K12, Klebsiella K type 20 and from Terminalia tomentosa gum. 

Constit. of the repeating units of capsular polysaccharides from Klebsiella types K-53 and K-67. 

The quantity of capsular polysaccharide is apparently of importance in a variety of pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae. Salmonella typhi, 5. typhi-murium, E. coli. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus have all been reported to show a relationship between the amount of capsular material and virulence, resistance to phagocytosis, or resistance to humoral host defences. It has been suggested in the case of E. coli that the amount of K-antigen, as measured by its ability to coat red blood cells and inhibit their aggregation by haemagglutinating antiserum, is the most important factor determining resistance to the complement-mediated bactericidal activity of serum. Other studies have found evidence that the type of capsular polysaccharide may be more important. 

Serological testing has revealed seventy-seven different types of Klebsiella and structures for the capsular polysaccharide have been proposed for 55. Some typical Klebsiella polysaccharide structures are listed in Table 2. 

The capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 47 contains side-chains attached to the main chain by way of D-glucuronic acid residues.The side-chains were removed to give a linear polysaccharide by the following sequence of reactions (i) substitution of hydroxy- and carboxy-groups with methyl vinyl ether, (ii) /S-elimination by treatment with base, and (iii) removal of modified uronic acid residues and protecting groups by mild hydrolysis with acid. 

A depolymerase active towards Klebsiella type 11 capsular polysaccharide was induced by the action of bacteriophage II on a Klebsiella species. The enzyme catalysed the hydrolyses of j8-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(l -> 3)-D-glucuronic... 

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