Polypyrrole Ternary Composites

Li et al. prepared the ternary organic-inorganic complex of PPy/MnO / CNTs composite by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of Py in the host of inorganic matrix of MnO and CNTs, using complex of MO/FeCl as a reactive self-degraded soft template [80]. The PPy/MnO /CNTs composite possessed the typical tube-in-tube nanostructures the inner tubules were the CNTs and the outer tubules were the template-synthesized PPy. 

The group also proposed a novel one-step electrochemical composite polymerization strategy for the first to prepare unique PPy/reduced GO/ carbon nanotubes (PPy/F-RGO/CNTs) ternary composites, where F-RGO, 

and PPy were electrodeposited simultaneously to construct a 3D highly porous film electrode [85]. Such ternary composite film electrode exhibited a high SC of 300 F/g at 1 A/g as well as a remarkable cycling stability at high rates, which was related to its unique nanostructure and high electrical conductivity. 

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Ternary composites with electroactive components were also discussed by Gomez-Romero and coworkers in one of their recent publications [48]. The ternary composites consisted of doped-polyaniline (PANI) or doped-polypyrrole (Ppy) intercalated into V2O5 xerogels. The dopant anion for the conducting polymers was [Fe(CN)g] (HCF), derived from H3Fe(CN)6. More specifically, the synthesis of Ppy/HCF/V205 and PANI/HCFA 20s was carried out by treating the monomer (aniline or pyrrole)... 

Lu, X., Zhang, E, Dou, H.,Yuan, C.,Yang, S., Hao, L., Shen, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., 2012. Preparation and electrochemical capacitance of hierarchical graphene/polypyrrole/carbon nanotube ternary composites. Electrochim. Acta 69,160-166. 

The acid-base Nafion composite membranes include blends of Nafion with polypyrrole (PPy) [98-104], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [105-107], poly (propyleneoxide) (PPO) [108, 109], polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) [110], poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [111-115], sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde (sPF) [116], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) [117-122], poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) [123], poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) [124] polyanifine (PANI) [125-128], polyethylene (PE) [129], poly(ethylene-terephtalate) [130], sulfated p-cyclodextrin (sCD) [131], sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) [132-135], sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (sPAEK) [136], poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) [137], poly(vinylimidazole) (PVl) [138], poly(vinyl pyridine) (PVPy) [139], poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [140-142], poly(fluorinated ethylene-propylene) [143], sulfonated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (sPOSS) [144], poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) [145, 146], polyrotaxanes (PR) [147], purple membrane [148], sulfonated polystyrene (PSSA) [149, 150], polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-bpolystyrene (SEES) [151], poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulphonic acid-co-l,6-hexanediol propoxylate diacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) (AMPS) [152], and chitosan [31]. A binary PVA/chitosan [153] and a ternary Nafion composite with PVA, polyimide (PI) and 8-trimethoxy silylpropyl glycerin ether-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (TSPS) has also been reported [154]. 

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