Polypropylene-talc

Polypropylene—talc filled (1-1.5). Better thermoforming, but WVP only slightly better than PVC. Chalk filled PP is also available. 

Sch Schone, J., Kotter, L, Grellmann, W. Properties of polypropylene talc compounds with different talc particle size. J. of Plastics Technology 2 (2012) 230-251. 

Figure 12.4 Polypropylene-talc systems coveringa wide range of stiffness/toughness properties [28]. (With permission from the publisher.)...

Asbestos was the original mineral used to reinforce polypropylene. Talc was first used in polypropylene homopolymer in the 1960s for under the hood automotive... 

The addition of talc to polypropylene does not seem to have a significant effect on melt flow rate. Because of its higher specific gravity (2.78 versus 0.91-0.94 for unfilled polypropylene), talc causes a slight increase in measured melt flow... 

Nonintermeshing counterrotating machines have the oldest technology (19). The Parrel continuous mixer (PCM) remains today as a good compromise of the Banbury batch mixer but with continuous mixing capability with the small mass concept. The incorporation of various fillers into polypropylene (talc, calcium carbonate, etc.) at 30-80 wt% levels is still accomplished via the PCM. 

Zhou Y, Rangari V, Mahfuz H, Jeelani S, Mallick PK (2005) Experimental study on thermal and mechanical behavior of polypropylene, talc lypropylene and polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A 402 109-117... 

Effects of talc and gamma irradiation on mechanical properties and morphology of isotactic polypropylene/talc composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 82 (2003), p. 263-270... 

Azuma, Y., Takeda, H., Watanabe, S., et al. Outdoor accelerated weathering tests for polypropylene and polypropylene/talc composites. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 94, 2267-2274 (2009)... 

Denac, M., Smit, L, Musil, V. Polypropylene/talc/SEBS (SEBS-g-MA) composites. Part 1. Structure. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuif. 36, 1094-1101 (2(K)5)... 

Some plasticised plastics products (e.g., PVC or nylon 11) will need to be extracted with a solvent (e.g., methanol) first to remove the plasticiser. Products that are filled (e.g., polypropylene/talc kettle bodies) will require a pyrolysis technique where a pyrolysis condensates infrared library, such as the one pubhshed by Rapra Technology, needs to be available. 

Electromagnetic welding, polypropylene, talc content, glass content, hysteresis loop, Emabond... 

Polypropylene polymers are typically modified with ethylene to obtain desirable properties for specific applications. Specifically, ethylene—propylene mbbers are introduced as a discrete phase in heterophasic copolymers to improve toughness and low temperature impact resistance (see Elastomers, ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE rubber). This is done by sequential polymerisation of homopolymer polypropylene and ethylene—propylene mbber in a multistage reactor process or by the extmsion compounding of ethylene—propylene mbber with a homopolymer. Addition of high density polyethylene, by polymerisation or compounding, is sometimes used to reduce stress whitening. In all cases, a superior balance of properties is obtained when the sise of the discrete mbber phase is approximately one micrometer. Examples of these polymers and their properties are shown in Table 2. Mineral fillers, such as talc or calcium carbonate, can be added to polypropylene to increase stiffness and high temperature properties, as shown in Table 3. 

Talc-filled reinforced polypropylene films and foils are beginning to replace PVC for corrugated board, labels. .. 

Polyolefins are well adapted to the mono-material concept talc-filled polypropylene and LFRT for structural parts, foamed polyethylene and polypropylene for damping, polypropy-lene/EPDM alloys or copolymers for skins. Some other functions need incompatible polymers with specific characteristics such as optical properties. Without claiming to be exhaustive, the other thermoplastic materials are ... 

The main non-black fillers are, for example calcium carbonates, broadly used in PVC talcs, broadly used in polypropylene titanium dioxide used as a white pigment clays or kaolins ... 

For a given grade of 20% talc-filled polypropylene, Figure 4.13 displays two examples of SN or Wohler s curves concerning flexural tests ... 

Low Cost Fan Shrouds on Ford F-150, Expedition, Navigator, Ranger are made of PP-5140-F1, a 40% talc polypropylene replacing glass/mica-filled polyamide fan shrouds. 

EFFECT OF TALC ON CELL NUCLEATION IN EXTRUSION FOAM PROCESSING OF POLYPROPYLENE WITH CARBON DIOXIDE AND ISOPENTANE... 

The structure of crystalline polymers may be significantly modified by the introduction of fillers. All aspects of the structure change on filling, crystallite and spherulite size, as well as crystallinity, are altered as an effect of nucleation [9]. A typical example is the extremely strong nucleation effect of talc in polypropylene [10,11], which is demonstrated also in Fig. 2. Nucleating effect is characterized by the peak temperature of crystallization, which increases significantly on the addition of the filler. Elastomer modified PP blends are shown as a comparison crystallization temperature decreases in this case. Talc also nucleates polyamides. Increasing crystallization temperature leads to an increase in lamella thickness and crystallinity, while the size of the spherulites decreases on... 

Figure 7 shows the effect of filler particle shape on the viscosity of filled polypropylene melts, containing glass beads and talc particles, of similar density, loading and particle size distribution. The greater viscosity of the talc-filled composition was attributed to increased contact and surface interaction between these irregularly shaped particles. 

Fig. 7. The effect of filler particle shape on the viscosity of polypropylene (PP) at 200 °C (A) neat PP ( ) PP containing 40% by weight glass beads (O) PP containing 40% by weight talc. (Filler size distributions similar, at 44 pm or less) [17]...

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