Polymers tradenames

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Polymer (Tradename) Abbreviation Source Molecular Weight Zero Shear Viscosity [kPas] Viscosity at 65 s [kPa- s]... 

In the late 1980s, new fully aromatic polyester fibers were iatroduced for use ia composites and stmctural materials (18,19). In general, these materials are thermotropic Hquid crystal polymers that are melt-processible to give fibers with tensile properties and temperature resistance considerably higher than conventional polyester textile fibers. Vectran (Hoechst-Celanese and Kuraray) is a thermotropic Hquid crystal aromatic copolyester fiber composed of -hydroxyben2oic acid [99-96-7] and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Other fully aromatic polyester fiber composites have been iatroduced under various tradenames (19). 

Polychloroprene rubber (CR) is the most popular and versatile of the elastomers used in adhesives. In the early 1920s, Dr. Nieuwland of the University of Notre Dame synthesized divinyl acetylene from acetylene using copper(l) chloride as catalyst. A few years later, Du Pont scientists joined Dr. Nieuwland s research and prepared monovinyl acetylene, from which, by controlled reaction with hydrochloric acid, the chloroprene monomer (2-chloro-l, 3-butadiene) was obtained. Upon polymerization of chloroprene a rubber-like polymer was obtained. In 1932 it was commercialized under the tradename DuPrene which was changed to Neoprene by DuPont de Nemours in 1936. 

Since 1989, Cargill, has invested some 750 million to develop and commercialize polylactic acid (tradename NatureWorks). Its Nebraska plant, with an annual capacity of 140,000 metric tons, opened in 2002. Thus, polylactides, combining favorable economics with green sustainability, are poised to compete in large-volume markets that are now the domain of thermoplastic polymers derived from petrochemical sources. 

Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), also known as perfluoroethylene, is a colorless, flammable, toxic gas. It is the monomer used for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is sold under the DuPont tradename of Teflon. TFE is co-polymerized with other compounds to produce a variety of Teflons. TFE is produced by heating chlorodifluoromethane (CHC1F2, Freon-22) or trifluoromethane (CldF3, Freon-23). TFE is used almost exclusively as a monomer in the production of PTFE. PTFE is a vinyl polymer, which means it is made from a monomer with carbon-carbon double bonds. PTFE is made from TFE by free radical polymerization. 

Industrially, ROMP is used for the production of cheap highly unsaturated polymers e.g., Norsorex, Vestenamer. For example, poly-(norbomene) is produced in quantities of around 5 kta-1, under the tradename of Norsorex (18). Examples for commercially available grades and tradenames are shown in Table 1.9. Tradenames appearing in the references are shown in Table 1.10. 

Examples for commercially available PIB polymers and suppliers as well are shown in Table 6.9. Tradenames appearing in the references are shown in Table 6.10. 

There are impact modified acrylic-based polymer compositions intended for molding and extrusion of medical applications sold under the tradename Cyrolite (15). 

POLYBENZIMIDAZOLES. These are heterocyclic polymers that have outstanding high thermal characteristics, the highest obtainable in commercial polymers. These materials also have superior ablative and hydrolytic stability as well as high compressive and dimensional stability. Polybenzimidazoles essentially arc unaffected by solvents, acids, and bases. They are marketed in stock shapes and as finished parts. The materials are not available in resin form Hoechst Celanese markets tile products under tile tradename Celazole, ... 

In addition to the silica-based materials mentioned above, modem polymers are widely used for TTA and QTA sample preparation allowing SPE not impaired by undesirable silanol activities. HLB Oasis (Waters) is the tradename for a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance reversed-phase sorbent enabling lipophilic interaction to benzene moieties and hydrophilic interactions to pyrrolidone groups as present in the macroporous copolymer of poly(divinylbenzene-co-iV-vinylpyrrolidone). Elution of analytes is often performed with solvents containing MeOH or ACN. Applying this adsorbent TA such as atropine and scopolamine were extracted from human viscera [15], human serum [97-99], human urine [12] as well as from rat plasma and brain microdialysate [77], Furthermore, this hydrophilic-lipophilic balance phase was also suitable for extraction of the QTA trospium from human and rat plasma [77, 84] and methyl scopolamie from rat plasma [77] (Table 4). 

Oligomeric carbodiimides derived from sterically hindered aromatic diisocyanates are used as stabilizers for polyester based polymers because the carbodiimide groups in the oligomers, or in sterically hindered diisocyanates, mop up HCl, which catalyzes the depolymerization of polyesters. The carbodiimide stabilizers are commercially available under the tradename Stabaxol from Rhein Chemie, a subsidiary of Bayer. 

Tedlar is a tradename, property of the E.l. duPont Company for a polyvinyl fluoride polymer which is manufactured by casting in a sheet and stretching to orient the molecules. The personnel of the Elastomers Division of that company advise that Tedlar has excellent resistance to most inorganic acids, bases and salts, and to many, but by no means all, organic compounds and solvents, especially in the liquid phase. However, some solvents in the vapor phase can slowly diffuse through it. The Sauereisen Cement Co., of Pittsburgh, PA, supplies this sheet under the tradename of Sauereisen 90. 

Ethylene has been co-polymerized with virtually any conceivable a-olefin, from propylene to vinyl-terminated PE and PP macromonomers. Ethylene/propylene (E/P) copolymerization to produce saturated rubbers and ethylene/propylene/diene (EPD) terpolymerization to produce unsaturated, vulcanizable rubbers will be discussed in Section 4.09.4.1.3. 1-Butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene are the most commonly used co-monomers for the production of LLDPE. Ethylene/octene co-polymers, developed by Dow and marketed under the Engage tradename, have been shown to have improved thermal properties compared to ethylene/butene and ethylene/hexene co-polymers.503 In ethylene/a-olefin (E/O) co-polymeriza-tions, the critical parameters are co-monomer reactivity and co-monomer distribution . The former is most conveniently described by the relative reactivity parameter, R, defined as the ratio between polymer composition and reactor medium composition. 

Within the family of cycloolefin co-polymers, the most important from a material properties standpoint, are the ethylene/norbornene co-polymers. These co-polymers, dubbed COC for cycloolefin co-polymers, are produced by Ticona and Mitsui under the tradenames Topas and Apel , respectively. An overview of properties and applications (for example, blisters for pills) can be found on Ticona s Topas homepage.607 Detailed ethylene/norbornene copolymerization studies with different 4/-symmetric and ansa-Cp-amido catalysts, with listing of co-polymerization parameters, have been published.608 611 NB is inserted exclusively in the cis-2,3-exo-modc (Scheme 25), and most of the metallocene catalysts tend to produce alternating co-polymers,609 612 due to the low reactivity of the M-NB intermediate toward further NB insertion. This mode of NB insertion prevents f3-H transfer, and thus ethylene/ norbornene co-polymers have increasing molecular masses at increasing NB content.611... 

Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) represents an important achievement in olefin polymerization catalysis. Syndiotactic PS is an industrially relevant thermoplastic material produced by Dow Chemical and Idemitsu Kosan Co. under the tradenames Questra and Xarec , respectively. Industrial interest on sPS originates from the remarkable properties exhibited by this highly crystalline polymer. The high melting temperature, 270 °C, the relatively fast crystallization rate (at least much faster than that of iPS), the high heat resistance, the low dielectric constant, the high elastic modulus, and an excellent resistance to chemicals explain the industrial interest for this material. Syndiotactic PS was considered as an innovative new resin option for the automotive, electrical, and electronic markets, appliances such as... 

Historically, the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde was of vital importance to the polymer industry, being one of the first totally synthetic commercial polymer resin systems developed. In 1907, Leo H. Baekeland commercialized, under the tradename Bakelite , a range of cured phenol-formaldehyde resins, which were useful in producing heat-resistant molded products . Since this early work, phenol-formaldehyde resins have been used in many applications, including refractory compounds, adhesives, thermal insulation and electrical industries ". ... 

Although the Alza poly(ortho ester) system has never been structurally identified other than by its tradename Chronomer, and later Alzamer, several publications provide a general description of the use of the polymer for the release of naltrexone (46) and contraceptive steroids (47. 48, 49). 

Sustainable antimicrobial (SAM) polymers (Figure 48) are relatively new development products from Degussa (tradename Amina T 100) with confident claims of being environmentally sustainable and continuously effective. Amina T 100 is apolymeric active substance with a high level of activity and a low degree of toxicity. It is promoted in the literature as an effective bacteriastat, fungisat and algistat. 

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