Microscopic characterization

Y. Hirata, M.-L. Laukkanen, K. Keinanen, H. Shigematsu, M. Aizawa, and F. Mizutani, Microscopic characterization of Langmuir-Blodgett films incorporating biosynthetically lipid-tagged antibody. Sens. Actuators B 76, 181-186 (2001). 

Schmid, G. and Peschel, S., Preparation and scanning probe microscopic characterization of mono-layers of ligand-stabilized transition metal clusters and colloids, New J. Chem., 22, 669, 1998. 

G. Lafaye, C. T. Williams, and M. D. Amiridis, Synthesis and microscopic characterization of dendrimer-derived Ru/A1203 catalysts, Catal. Lett. 96, 43-47 (2004). 

Siekmann, B. and Westesen, K., Electron-microscopic characterization of melt-homogenized solid lipid nanoparticles. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2, 190, 1994. 

Li, Y., Lu, D., Swanson, S.A.S.A., Scott, J.C. and Galli, G. (2008) Microscopic characterization of the interface between aromatic isocyanides andAu(lll) a first-principles investigation. J. Phys. 

Van Marie, J. T., Stollesmits, T., Donkers, J., VanDijk, C., Voragen, A. G. J., Recourt, K. (1997). Chemical and microscopic characterization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)cell walls during cooking. J. Agric. FoodChem., 45, 50-58. 

The efficiency of the CB-MC technique has been used by Maginn et al. (769), who considered the low-occupancy thermodynamics of sorption of alkanes as long as C25 in silicalite. The locations of such long molecules are no longer correctly predicted by considering the end-to-end vector and the chain midpoint. To overcome this problem, a coarse-graining technique was used to describe both the adsorbate and the zeolite, allowing for accurate microscopic characterization. 

The precise characterization of iron oxide pigments in paintings which, of course, includes ochres, siennas, and umbers, is difficult by ordinary means. This is primarily because of the difficulty of resolving the fine crystals with a light microscope. Characterizing variations within a broad general classification or distinguishing mixtures is virtually impossible. MES, however, offers a wealth of information of this type. 

Aguilar, C.A., Ziegler, G.R. 1994a. Physical and microscopic characterization of whole milk with altered lactose content. 1. Effect of lactose concentration.. / Dairy Sci. 77, 1189-1197. 

Mendive, C.B., D.W. Bahnemann and M.A. Blesa (2005). Microscopic characterization of the photocatalytic oxidation of oxalic acid adsorbed onto Ti02 by FTIR-ATR. Catalysis Today, 101(3 1), 237-244. 

It seems that more attention or creative sampling schemes need to be developed to accurately measure the nitrogen (and likely carbon) cycHng in the context of these planktonic and invertebrate associations. Studies similar to those presented by Zehr et al. (2007) and Needoba et al. (2007), which combine isotope rate measurements with quantitative PCR approaches provide a promising path forward. While molecular and microscopic characterization of nitrogen symbioses has helped to elucidate the diversity and distribution of symbioses, future work should target a consistent approach to relate these to their biogeochemical importance. 

What caused the earlier doubting, critical attitude to be replaced by this dogmatic assertion Granted, it had become possible in the interim to define the prokaryote, through molecular and electron microscopic characterizations, in positive, phylogenetically telling terms. However, as noted above, the phylogenetically important characterizations were confined mainly to E. coli. Thus, there had to have been some a priori assumption that all... 

Van Bergen P. F., Goni M., ColUnson M. E., Barrie P. J., Sinninghe Damste J. S., and de Leeuw J. W. (1994) Chemical and microscopic characterization of outer seed coats of fossil and extant water plants. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 3823—3844. 

As we mentioned, oxide surfaces are important in the field of nanocatalysis by supported metals. In practical applications, the support has the crucial role of stabilizing small metallic particles, which act as the actual catalysts in a chemical process. Once the oxide surface is sufficiently well characterized, one can deposit small metal clusters and study their reactivity as a function of the support, of the metal, of the size of the cluster, etc. In this way, complex catalytic processes can be divided into a series of substeps, which allow a more detailed microscopic characterization. Despite the fact that only recently well-defined metal clusters have been deposited under controlled conditions on oxide surfaces and thin films, great advances have been obtained in the understanding of the mechanisms of adhesion and growth of the metal particles to the oxide surface. In this process, the role of theory is quite substantial. 

The microscopic characterization of bond formation between CO molecule and Fe atom. 

Mancini PME, Vottero LR (2006) Molecular-microscopic characterization of 10 binary solvent mixtures based on solvatochromic reference solutes a comparison of multiparametric empirical solvent scales. J Phys Oig Chem 19 34-42... 

Additional work being conducted in pharmaceutical groups includes chemical microscopical characterization of dilituric acid and its complexes (77), characterization of the physicochemical properties of pharmaceuticals (78), and solid-state investigations incorporating hot-stage microspectroscopy (79,80). 

TakeyaM, Yamashiro S, Yoshimura T, etal. Immunophenotyp-ic and immunoelectron microscopic characterization of major constituent cells in malignant fibrous histiocytoma using human cell lines and their transplanted tumors in immunodeficient mice. Lab Inpest. 1995 72 679-688. 

Beham A, Kainz J, Stammberger H, et al. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopical characterization of stromal cells in nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Eur Arch Oto Rhino Laryngol. 1997 254(4) 196-199. 

G. H. Ma, Y. H. Lee, and J. T. Glass, Electron microscopic characterization of diamond films grown on Si by bias-controlled chemical vapor deposition, J. Mater. 

The classical lesions in MS, the plaqnes, are microscopically characterized by circnmscribed demyelination in the presence of intact axons. Macrophages are the main cells involved in myelin destrnction attachment of snperficial myelin lamellae to the macrophage snrface, immnnoglobnlin deposition between macrophages and myelin lamellae, and production of complement and proteolytic enzymes all contribnte to this process. Fnrthermore, T-lymphocytes, both the CD4 (helper) and CDS (snppressor) phenotypes, are present in the perivascnlar lesions. 

Maurer, T. J., Li, H. F.. Petroll, W. M., Parker. R, D., Cavanagh, H.. and Je,sier, J. V. (1997). Confocal microscopic characterization of initial corneal changes of surfaetani-induced eye irritation in the rabbit. Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol 143, 291-300. 

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