Polymeric quaternary ammonium agents

Photography—Several types of Mannich bases and derivatives are employed in this field. 599 Crosslinking agents derived from piperazine (534, Sec. A.2) are hardeners for gelatin photographic emulsions, and O-aminomethyl derivatives of piperazine, used under the form of polymeric quaternary ammonium salts 599, are useful as sensitizers for photographic emulsions. ... 

A polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of HEC, polyquatemium-24, in combination with certain primary surfactants, salts, and other viscosifying agents can be used as a thickener in personal care products such as shampoos, hair conditioners, creams, and aftershave gels. 

Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Borohydride Reducing Agents... 

The effect of mixtures of surfactants and polyelectrolytes on spontaneous, water-catalysed hydrolysis (Fadnavis and Engberts, 1982) was mentioned in Section 4, but mixtures of functionalized polyelectrolytes and cationic surfacants are effective deacylating agents (Visser et al., 1983). Polymerized isocyanides were functionalized with an imidazole group and the deacylation of 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate in the polyelectrolyte was speeded by addition of single or twin chain quaternary ammonium ion surfactants, up to a plateau value. Anionic surfactants had essentially no effect. It is probable that the cationic surfactants accelerate the reaction by increasing the deprotonation of the imidazole groups. 

The USPNF 23 describes methacrylic acid copolymer as a fully polymerized copolymer of methacrylic acid and an acrylic or methacrylic ester. Three types of copolymers, namely Type A, Type B, and Type C, are defined in the monograph. They vary in their methacrylic acid content and solution viscosity. Type C may contain suitable surface-active agents. Two additional polymers, Type A (Eudragit RE) and Type B (Eudragit RS), also referred to as ammonio methacrylate copolymers, consisting of fully polymerized copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters with a low content of quaternary ammonium groups, are also described in the USPNF 23. A further monograph for an aqueous dispersion of Type C methacrylic acid copolymer is also defined see Section 9. 

Blowing agents include azodicarbonamide, azodiisobutyronitrile, etc. Antistatic agents include quaternary ammonium compounds, etc. With the added complexity due to the presence of these compounds, the analysis of polymeric blends and of practical objects made from polymers containing additives is not always simple. 

Use Additives for cosmetic creams, polymerization regulators for elastomers and plastics, detergents and viscosity-index improvers for lubricating oils, finishing and softening agents for textiles, preparation of quaternary ammonium compounds, surfactants, water evaporation control, and antifoam. 

The processing of polymeric nanocomposites based on PET and a clay, MMT, was analyzed elsewhere [45]. The clay was chemically modified with a quaternary ammonium salt, and this was subsequently incorporated into the polymer using maleic anhydride (MAH) and pentaerythritol (PENTA) as compatibilizing agents. 

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