Polymeric/polymers materials

Light wave technologies provide a number of special challenges for polymeric materials. Polymer fibers offer the best potential for optical communications in local area network (LAN) applications, because their large core size makes it relatively cheap to attach connectors to them. There is a need for polymer fibers that have low losses and that can transmit the bandwidths needed for LAN applications the aciylate and methacrylate polymers now under study have poor loss and bandwidth performance. Research on monomer purification, polymerization to precise molecular-size distributions, and weU-controlled drawing processes is relevant here. There is also a need for precision plastic molding processes for mass prodnction of optical fiber connectors and splice hardware. A tenfold reduction in the cost of fiber and related devices is necessaiy to make the utilization of optical fiber and related devices economical for local area networks and tlie telecommunications loop. 

There is a clear need for the synthesis and more complete characterization of new PEM polymeric materials. Polymers bearing functional moieties for proton conduction might also be designed to serve as a host for inorganic compounds to afford a proton conducting component in a blend, as well as a standalone PEM. The two current hurdles for polymeric membranes are the high protonic conductivity at low water contents (e.g. under conditions of 120 °C and... 

The preparation of polymers from heterocyclic monomers that contain polymerizable functional groups undoubtedly constitutes the most common method of incorporating heterocycles into polymeric materials. Polymer-forming reactions are of two possible types addition reactions and condensation reactions. Addition monomers in general contain a site of unsaturation, i.e. a double or triple bond, through which polymerization occurs by successive single bond formation from one monomer to the next. With condensation monomers a bond is formed between two monomers with concomitant elimination of a... 

Mineralization -for polymeric materials [POLYMERS, ENVIRONMENTALLY DEGRADABLE] (Vol 19)... 

Since the first report of the polymer LED based on poly(l,4-phenylenevi-nylene) (PPV) by the Cambridge group [2,9], a number of different polymers have been synthesized and extended efforts have been made to obtain high-performance devices from polymeric materials. Polymer LEDs have a low operating... 

T.R. Hull, A.A. Stec, K. Lebek, and D. Price, Factors affecting the combustion toxicity of polymeric materials, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92, 2239-2246, 2007. 

McCassie JE, Mayer JM, Stoto RZ, Shupe AE (1992) Current methods for determining biodegradation of polymeric materials. Polym Mate Sci Eng 67 353-355... 

Yang, P. Deng, J. Y. Yang, W. T. (2003). Confined photo-catalytic oxidation a fast surface hydrophilic modification method for polymeric materials. Polymer, Vol. 44, pp. 7157-7164, ISSN 0032-3861. 

Let us finally remark the important role that solid mesophases play in manufacturing processes of polymeric materials. Polymers, in mesomorphic form, in fact, show enhanced mechanical properties and may be more easily processed, even at room temperature, than the stable crystalline forms. This allows obtaining manufactured objects at a low cost with high performances, which is not easy to obtain by processing the material directly in the stable crystalline state. 

Anis A et al (2013) Developments in shape memory polymeric materials. Polym Plast Technol Eng 52(15) 1574-1589... 

Cascone MG. Dynamic-mechanical properties of bioartificial polymeric materials. Polym Int. 1997 43 55-69. 

Photopatterned materials Cast-in-place polymeric media In situ polymerized materials Polymer monoliths Cross-linked gels Hydrogels... 

Mita, M., High Performance Aromatic Polymeric Materials, (Polymer Society of Japan, ed.), Maruzen Co., Tokyo, 1990, Chap. 2. 

Han, C.D., 2007. Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials (Polymer Processing). Oxford University Press, New York. 

Van Klevelen, D.W. Some basic aspects of flame resistance of polymeric materials. Polymer, 1975, 16, 615-620. 

Brueller, O.S. (1987) On the nonlinear characterization of the long term behaviour of polymeric materials. Polym. Eng. Sci.,... 

Relevance of biofilms for the biodeterioration of surfaces of polymeric materials. Polymer Degradation and Stability,... 

Budrugeac, P On the pseudo compensation effect due to the complexity of the mechanism of thermal degradation of polymeric materials, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 58 (1997), p. 69 - 76... 

Many sophisticated dressings are nowadays available to the wound care practitioner, these made of a wide range of polymeric materials. Polymers may be used alone or in combinations thereof, being processed in different dressing designs... 

Conventional free radical polymerization in the presence of a porogen, which is usually a poor solvent for the network-forming components and induces phase separation, is widely used for the preparation of porous polymeric materials (polymer monoliths).Polymer monoHths thus prepared have been appHed especially as Hquid-phase separa-... 

Finally, I highly appreciate the organizers for their very timely contributions to this symposium and for the publication of the presented papers. This book suggests to the readers an important direction of future research into polymeric materials. Polymer scientists should always take into account the environmental problems, which are one of the most important and serious problems confi-onting the 21st century. 

Maity S, Downen LN, Bochinski JR, Clarke LI (2011) Embedded metal nanoparticles as locatized heat sources an alternative processing approach for complex polymeric materials. Polymer 52 1674-1685... 

There are several reasons why an engineer should know something about the characteristia, applications, and processing of polymeric materials. Polymers are used in a wide variety of applications, such as construction materials and microelectronics processing. Thus, most engineers will be required to work with polymers at some point in their careers. Understanding the mechanisms by which polymers... 

Polymeric nanoparticles are nanoparticles, which are prepared from polymers. Polymeric nanoparticles forms (1) the micronization of a material into nanoparticles and (2) the stabilization of the resultant nanoparticles [8]. As for the micronization, one can start with either small monomers or a bulk polymer. The dmg is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a nanoparticles and one can obtain different nanoparticles, nanospheres or nanocapsules according to methods of preparation [9]. Gums, Gelatin Sodium alginate Albumin are used for polymer based drag delivery. Polymeric nanoparticles are prepared by Cellulosics, Poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate), Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), Poly(vinyl alcohol), Poly(methyl methacrylate), Poly(acrylic acid). Polyacrylamide, Poly(ethylene-co-vi-nyl acetate) like polymeric materials. Polymer used in drag delivery must have following qualities like it should be chemically inert, non-toxic and free of leachable impurities [10]. 

Bowman, C.N., 2014. Smart shape changing and shape morphing polymeric materials. Polymer 55 (23), 5847-5848 (Editorial). 

---