Self-Doped Polymers, Polymeric Composites, and Hybrid Materials

SELF-DOPED POLYMERS, POLYMERIC COMPOSITES, AND HYBRID MATERIALS 

Polypyrrole relatives obtained by electrosynthesis in the presence of different small inorganic or organic counter-ions that are interchanged with the electrolyte during electrochemical control of the material. 

Polypyrrole derivatives [Fig. 13(a)] with nonionic substituents, producing films formed by oligomers these films are soluble in most organic solvents. 

When the substituent is an ionic chain [Fig. 13(b)] with the anion on the organic side, some of the lateral anions act as counter-ions during electrochemical oxidation. The cation of the salt is expelled from, or included in, the material during oxidation or reduction, respectively. These are self-compensating or self-doping (chemical or physical terminology, respectively) materials.76 

Heteroaromatic copolymers, formed from heteroaromatic comonomers [Fig. 13(c)], giving films of oligomers that can solubilize in organic solvents following faradaic electrodissolution in some electrolytes.77 81 

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