Polymeric materials/polymers molecular design

The organic thin films used in lithography are polymer casting films, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, SAMs and plasma-polymerized films. The molecular designs and syntheses of organic monolayer materials are studied for SPNL resists [89]. 

The search for flexible, noncorrosive, inexpensive conductive materials has recently focused on polymeric materials. This search has increased to include, for some applications, nanosized fibrils and tubes. The conductivity of common materials is given in Figure 19.1. As seen, most polymers are nonconductive and, in fact, are employed in the electronics industry as insulators. This includes PE and PVC. The idea that polymers can become conductive is not new and is now one of the most active areas in polymer science. The advantages of polymeric conductors include lack of corrosion, low weight, ability to lay wires on almost a molecular level, and ability to run polymeric conductive wires in very intricate and complex designs. The topic of conductive carbon nanotubes has already been covered (Section 12.17). 

Takeuchi D, Watanabe Y, Aida T, Inoue S (1995) Maclomolecules 28 651 Recent reviews (a) Aida T (1994) Prog Polym Sci 19 469 (b) Inoue S, Aida T (1998) Controlled polymer synthesis with metalloporphyrins. In Vogl O, Hatada K (eds) Molecular design of polymeric materials. Dekker, New York, in press (a) Kuroki M, Watanabe T, Aida T, Inoue S (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113 5903 (b) Sugimoto H, Kuroki M, Watanabe T, Kawamura C,Aida T, Inoue S (1993) Macromolecules 26 3403 (c) Sugimoto H,AidaT, Inoue S (1994) Macromolecules 27 3672 (d) Sugimoto H, Kawamura C, Kuroki M, Aida T, Inoue S (1994) Macromolecules 27 2013 (e) Akatsuka M, Aida T, Inoue S (1994) Macromolecules 27 2820 Inoue, S, Aida T (1994) Chem tech 24 28... 

Therefore, polyrotaxanes can be simply defined as polymeric materials containing rotaxane units. They are different from conventional linear homopolymers because they always consist of two components, a cyclic species mechanically attached to a linear species. They also differ from polymer blends as the individual species are interlocked together and from block copolymers since the two components are noncovalendy connected. Thus new phase behavior, mechanical properties, molecular shapes and sizes, and different solution properties are expected for polyrotaxanes. Their ultimate properties depend on the chemical compositions of the two components, their interaction and compatibility. This review is designed to summarize the syntheses of these novel polymers and their properties. 

Okamoto, Y, Yashima, E, Chiral recognition by optically active polymers, in Molecular Design of Polymeric Materials (Hatada K, Kitayama T, Vogl O, Eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 731-746 (1997). 

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