Polymeric materials dendrimers

Vogelbacker, H.H., Getts, R.C., Tian, N., Labaczewski, R., Nilsen, T.W. (1997) DNA dendrimers Assembly and signal amplification. Polymeric materials science and engineering. ACS Spring Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 458-460. 

The architecture of macromolecules is another important synthetic variable. New materials with controlled branching sequences or stereoregularity provide tremendous opportunity for development. New polymerization catalysts and initiators for controlled free-radical polymerization are driving many new materials design, synthesis, and production capabilities. Combined with state-of-the-art characterization by probe microscopy, radiation scattering, and spectroscopy, the field of polymer science is poised for explosive development of novel and important materials. New classes of nonlinear structured polymeric materials have been invented, such as dendrimers. These structures have regularly spaced branch points beginning from a central point—like branches from a tree trunk. New struc-... 

The molecular characterization of a polymeric material is a crucial step in elucidating the relationship between its properties (e.g., mechanical, thermal), its chemical structure, and its morphology. As a matter of fact, the development of a new product stems invariably from a good knowledge of the above relationships. Characterization of polymers is often a difficult task because polymers display a variety of architectures, including linear, cyclic, and branched chains, dendrimers, and star polymers with different numbers of arms. 

Tomalia, D. A. and Dvornic, P. R. Dendritic polymers, divergent synthesis (starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers) , in Salamone, J. C. (ed.), Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1996, pp. 1814-1830. 

As the name implies, dendrimers have incorporated into their structures a regular branching aspect which is not present in typical polymeric materials. 

Grabchev I, Betcheva R, Yotova L (2007b) Photophysical and biological properties of fluorescent PAMAM dendrimer. Biotechnical fictionalization of renewable polymeric materials, Graz, Austria, 12-14 September 2007... 

The compatibility of polymer blends has been a snbject of mnch interest. Polymer blends are systems with two (or more) polymers, most of which are incompatible (immiscible). Finding compatible polymer pairs is an important task in the design of snch advanced materials. Moreover, several new polymeric materials with interesting properties involve novel structures, which go beyond the well-known ones (linear, branched, cross-linked, and network). Such novel strnctnres, e.g., starlike polymer and dendrimers may require new concepts for selecting proper solvents and generally for nnderstanding their solnbility behavior. "... 

In this section applications of PPEs and PAEs will be covered. However, only polydisperse polymeric materials are the focus of this review. Neither the work of TouH - utilizing defined oligomers as molecular wires in nanotechnology applications nor Moore s elegant development of folded m-oligo-PEs and well-defined PE dendrimers is covered here (see references cited in Tables 1 and 2). However, these topics are sufficiently referenced to allow the interested reader facile access. 

This chapter will serve to highlight recent advances in polymer science that have been aided by the use of click chemistry. The copper(l)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and thiol-ene reactions will be discussed first, after which the utilization of these chemical transformations in the construction and fimction-ahzation of a multitude of different polymeric materials will be outlined. Particular attention will be focused on the preparation of highly complex polymer architectures, such as dendrimers and star polymers, which exempHfy the essential role that chck chemistry has assumed in the polymer science community. 

---